J Korean Acad Prosthodont.  2020 Jan;58(1):14-22. 10.4047/jkap.2020.58.1.14.

The biofilm removal effect of MnOâ‚‚-diatom microbubbler from the dental prosthetic surfaces: In vitro study

• Lee EH
• Seo Y
• Kwon HB
• Yim YJ
• Kong H
• Kim MJ

• KMID: 2469916
• DOI: http://doi.org/10.4047/jkap.2020.58.1.14

Abstract

PURPOSE
The aim of this study is to evaluate the effectiveness of MnOâ‚‚-diatom microbubbler (DM) on the surface of prosthetic materials as a mouthwash by comparing the biofilm removal effect with those previously used as a mouthwash in dental clinic.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
DM was fabricated by doping manganese dioxide nanosheets to the diatom cylinder surface. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was used to observe the morphology of DM and to analyze the composition of doped MnOâ‚‚. Stereomicroscope was used to observe the reaction of DM in 3% hydrogen peroxide. Non-precious metal alloys, zirconia and resin specimens were prepared to evaluate the effect of biofilm removal on the surface of prosthetic materials. And then Streptococcus mutans and Porphyromonas gingivalis biofilms were formed on the specimens. When 3% hydrogen peroxide solution and DM were treated on the biofilms, the decontamination effect was compared with chlorhexidine gluconate and 3% hydrogen peroxide solution by crystal violet staining.
RESULTS
Manganese dioxide was found on the surface of the diatom cylinder, and it was found to produce bubble of oxygen gas when added to 3% hydrogen peroxide. For all materials used in the experiments, biofilms of the DM-treated groups got effectively removed compared to the groups used with chlorhexidine gluconate or 3% hydrogen peroxide alone.
CONCLUSION
MnOâ‚‚-diatom microbubbler can remove bacterial membranes on the surface of prosthetic materials more effectively than conventional mouthwashes.

Keyword

Dental plaque; Hydrogen peroxide; MnOâ‚‚-diatom microbubbler; Mouthwash; Oral hygiene

MeSH Terms

Alloys
Biofilms*
Chlorhexidine
Decontamination
Dental Clinics
Dental Plaque
Diatoms
Gentian Violet
Hydrogen Peroxide
In Vitro Techniques*
Manganese
Membranes
Microscopy, Electron, Scanning
Mouthwashes
Oral Hygiene
Oxygen
Porphyromonas gingivalis
Streptococcus mutans
Alloys
Chlorhexidine
Gentian Violet
Hydrogen Peroxide
Manganese
Mouthwashes
Oxygen

Figure

• 

  Fig. 1 Disk specimens used in experiments. (A) 3D stl file designed to produce disk shaped specimens, (B) Polymethyl methacrylate block, (C) Casting wax block, (D) Zirconia block, (E) Polymethyl methacrylate disk, (F) Metal disk, (G) Zirconia disk.

• 

  Fig. 2 SEM images of the MnO2-diatom microbubblers.

• 

  Fig. 3 Time-lapse images of the microbubbles. (A) DMs with distilled water (DW) and 3% H2O2 solution (× 6.3). (B) DMs with DW and H2O2 solution in 1st, 2nd, 3rd and 4th cycles at 2 minute intervals (× 40). Mixing DMs with H2O2 solution created a lot of microbubbles at first, but the amount gradually decreased over time. If H2O2 solution is added again, microbubbles were generated violently. But the amount decreased as the number of times is repeated.

• 

  Fig. 4 Biofilm (P. gingivalis) removal efficiency experiment. (A) Images of remaining biofilms stained with crystal violet after each treatment for 2 min. (B – D) The amount of remaining biofilms on the disks made of metal, zirconia and PMMA after treatments. In all materials, only H2O2 + DM group showed significantly lower amount of remaining biofilm compared to PBS group.

• 

  Fig. 5 Biofilm (S. mutans) removal efficiency experiment. (A) Images of remaining biofilms stained with crystal violet after each treatment for 2 min. (B – D) The amount of remaining biofilms on the disks made of metal, zirconia and PMMA after treatments. In all materials, only H2O2 + DM group showed significantly lower amount of remaining biofilm compared to PBS group.

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