Tissue Eng Regen Med.  2019 Dec;16(6):675-684. 10.1007/s13770-019-00227-6.

Chemical Regeneration of Wound Defects: Relevance to the Canine Palatal Mucosa and Cell Cycle Up-Regulation in Human Gingival Fibroblasts

• Lee K
• Ben Amara
• Lee SC
• Leesungbok R
• Chung MA
• Koo KT
• Lee SW

• KMID: 2467059
• DOI: http://doi.org/10.1007/s13770-019-00227-6

Abstract

BACKGROUND
Trichloroacetic acid (TCA) is an agent widely applied in dermatology for skin regeneration. To test whether TCA can offer an advantage for the regeneration of oral soft tissue defects, the cellular events following TCA application were explored in vitro and its influence on the oral soft tissue wound healing was evaluated in a canine palate model.
METHODS
The cytotoxicity and growth factor gene expression in human gingival fibroblasts were tested in vitro following the application of TCA at four concentrations (0.005%, 0.05%, 0.5% and 1%) with different time intervals (0, 3, 9 and 21 h). One concentration of TCA was selected to screen the genes differentially expressed using DNA microarray and the associated pathways were explored. TCA was injected in open wound defects of the palatal mucosa from beagle dogs (n = 3) to monitor their healing and regeneration up to day 16-post-administration.
RESULTS
While the 0.5-1% concentration induced the cytoxicity, a significantly higher expression of growth factor genes was observed after 3 and 9 h following the 0.5% TCA application in comparison to other groups. DNA microarray analysis in 0.5% TCA group showed 417 genes with a significant 1.5-fold differential expression, involving pathways of cell cycle, FoxO signaling, p53 signaling, ubiquitin mediated proteolysis and cAMP signaling. In vivo results showed a faster reepithelialization of TCA-treated wounds as compared to spontaneous healing
CONCLUSION
TCA promoted the healing and regeneration of oral soft tissue wound defects by up-regulating the cell cycle progression, cell growth, and cell viability, particularly at a concentration of 0.5%.

Keyword

Chemical regeneration; Wound defect; Oral mucosa; Canine palate; Trichloroacetic acid; Cell cycle

MeSH Terms

Animals
Cell Cycle*
Cell Survival
Dermatology
Dogs
Fibroblasts*
Gene Expression
Humans*
In Vitro Techniques
Mouth Mucosa
Mucous Membrane*
Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis
Palate
Proteolysis
Regeneration*
Skin
Trichloroacetic Acid
Ubiquitin
Up-Regulation*
Wound Healing
Wounds and Injuries*
Trichloroacetic Acid
Ubiquitin