Pediatr Infect Vaccine.  2019 Aug;26(2):99-111. 10.14776/piv.2019.26.e11.

Single or Dual Infection with Respiratory Syncytial Virus and Human Rhinovirus: Epidemiology and Clinical Characteristics in Hospitalized Children in a Rural Area of South Korea

• Kwon Y
• Cho WJ
• Kim HM
• Lee J

• KMID: 2455528
• DOI: http://doi.org/10.14776/piv.2019.26.e11

Abstract

PURPOSE
Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) and human rhinovirus (hRV) are the most common causes of child respiratory viral infections. We aimed to investigate epidemiological and clinical characteristics of RSV and hRV single infections and coinfections.
METHODS
Nasopharyngeal aspirates of hospitalized children aged <5 years were tested using multiplex reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) from October 2014 to April 2017. Their medical records were retrospectively reviewed.
RESULTS
RSV or hRV was detected in 384 patients who divided into 3 groups: patients with RSV (R group, n=258); patients with hRV (H group, n=99); and patients with both (RH group, n=27). The R group (median age, 6 months) consisted of 248 (96.1%) patients with lower respiratory tract infection (LRTI), and 14 (5.4%) needed oxygen inhalation. Infants aged <12 months (63.2%) had respiratory difficulty and were supplied oxygen more often. The H group (median age, 16 months) consisted of 56 (56.6%) patients with LRTI, 4 (4%) required oxygen inhalation, and 1 (1.0%) required mechanical ventilation. Infants (40.4%) showed longer hospitalization compared to patients aged ≥12 months (5 vs. 4 days, P<0.05). The RH group consisted of 24 (88.9%) patients with LRTI, and 2 (7.4%) needed oxygen inhalation. Hospitalization days and oxygen inhalation and mechanical ventilation rates did not differ between single infections (R and H groups) and coinfections (RH group).
CONCLUSIONS
RSV was detected more often in younger patients and showed higher LRTI rates compared to hRV. Single infections and coinfections of RSV and hRV showed no difference in severity.

Keyword

Respiratory syncytial virus; Rhinovirus; Multiplex polymerase chain reaction

MeSH Terms

Child
Child, Hospitalized*
Coinfection
Epidemiology*
Hospitalization
Humans*
Infant
Inhalation
Korea*
Medical Records
Multiplex Polymerase Chain Reaction
Oxygen
Polymerase Chain Reaction
Respiration, Artificial
Respiratory Syncytial Viruses*
Respiratory Tract Infections
Retrospective Studies
Reverse Transcription
Rhinovirus*
Oxygen

Figure

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  Fig. 1. Monthly incidence of total RSV, RSV A, RSV B and hRV Infections from 2014 to 2017. Abbreviations: RSV, respiratory syncytial virus; hRV, human rhinovirus.

• 

  Fig. 2. Age distribution in R, H, and RH group. Abbreviations: R, single infection of respiratory syncytial virus; H, single infection of human rhinovirus; RH, dual infection of respiratory syncytial virus and human rhinovirus.

Reference

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