Korean J Med Mycol.  2019 Mar;24(1):28-31. 10.17966/JMI.2019.24.1.28.

Disseminated Cryptococcosis Incorrectly Managed: a Case Report

• Maleb A
• Hami A
• Ben Lahlou Y
• Lamrabat S
• Rifai S
• Rahmani N
• Bensalah M
• Frikh M
• Lemnouer A
• Elouennass M

• KMID: 2447748
• DOI: http://doi.org/10.17966/JMI.2019.24.1.28

Abstract

Disseminated cryptococcosis is a rare fungal infection, which mainly occurs in immunocompromised patients, and the diagnosis is difficult. Therefore, it is less likely to be considered in immunocompetent patients. Here, we present a case of fatal cryptococcal infection of the pleural fluid and ascites in a patient seronegative for HIV. The patient was a 45-year old man who was followed for Crohn's disease and treated with steroids and an immunosuppressant (azathioprine). The culture of pleural and ascites fluids showed the presence of yeasts colonies identified as Cryptococcus neoformans. Bacteriological examination of the blood culture or cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) was not prescribed. The HIV serology was negative. At the fourth day of treatment, the patient died because of the deterioration of neurological and hepatocellular functions. The main diagnostic problems that led to this fatal outcome were non-suspicion of an at-risk patient, lack of microbiological analysis of the blood or CSF, and inadequate antifungal therapy.

Keyword

Ascites; Cryptococcus neoformans; Pleura

MeSH Terms

Ascites
Cerebrospinal Fluid
Crohn Disease
Cryptococcosis*
Cryptococcus neoformans
Diagnosis
Fatal Outcome
HIV
Humans
Immunocompromised Host
Pleura
Steroids
Yeasts
Steroids