Urogenit Tract Infect.  2018 Dec;13(3):51-57. 10.14777/uti.2018.13.3.51.

Preventive Effect of Lactobacillus Fermentation Extract on Inflammation and Cytokine Production in Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Cystitis in Mice

• Yoon HS
• Kim YT
• Shim BS
• Yoon H

• KMID: 2431248
• DOI: http://doi.org/10.14777/uti.2018.13.3.51

Abstract

PURPOSE
The effects of Lactobacillus fermentation extract (LFE) on cystitis induced by Escherichia coli lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in the mouse bladder were investigated by pathological analyses and measurement of the levels of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) and interleukin-18 (IL-18).
MATERIALS AND METHODS
LFE was administered orally (5 µg/L) to mice for 10 days after which the study group (n=12) received transurethral injection of 5 µg/L LPS. The bladder tissue was then harvested after 24 hours and subjected to hematoxylin and eosin staining. A semi-quantitative score was used to evaluate inflammation (bladder inflammation index, BII). TNF-α immunohistochemical staining and multiplex cytokine assays were also performed. TNF-α and IL-18 levels were determined. The results were compared with those of the control group (n=12).
RESULTS
The BII in the control and study groups was 2.7±0.5 and 1.1±0.7, respectively, with the control group scores differing significantly from the study group scores (p<0.001). TNF-α immunohistochemical staining results were similar. The TNF-α levels determined by the multiplex cytokine assay were 2.82±1.35 pg/mg and 1.55±0.56 pg/mg for the control and study groups, respectively, and the difference between these groups was statistically significant (p=0.007).
CONCLUSIONS
Oral administration of LFE appears to have a preventive effect against the inflammatory responses and TNF-α expression induced by transurethral instillation of LPS in the mouse bladder. Further studies are required to determine the clinical application of this finding.

Keyword

Cystitis; Lactobacillus; Oral medicine

MeSH Terms

Administration, Oral
Animals
Cystitis*
Eosine Yellowish-(YS)
Escherichia coli
Fermentation*
Hematoxylin
Inflammation*
Interleukin-18
Lactobacillus*
Mice*
Oral Medicine
Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha
Urinary Bladder
Eosine Yellowish-(YS)
Hematoxylin
Interleukin-18
Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha

Figure

• 

  Fig. 1 Bladder tissue from the lipopolysaccharide-induced cystitis mouse model (H&E stain, ×100, scale bar=100 µm). Control group (A) showed thickening of lamina propria (LP) and high concentration of leukocytes (arrow). Desquamation of mucosal layer (MU) was also identified, but the detrusor muscle layer (DM) did not show a definite inflammatory reaction. The study group (B) showed a reduced inflammatory reaction compared to the control group.

• 

  Fig. 2 The bladder inflammatory Index (BII) in the control and study groups was 2.7±0.5 and 1.1±0.7, respectively. The difference between the groups was significant (p<0.001).

• 

  Fig. 3 Tumor necrosis factor-α immunohistochemical staining (×100, scale bar=100 µm). Dense staining (orange) of thick, edematous lamina propria (LP) was noted in the control group (A). Partial staining of the mucosa (MU) was also seen. Irregular staining was observed in bladder tissues from the study group (B). No specific difference was seen in the detrusor muscle layer (DM).

• 

  Fig. 4 Multiplex cytokine assay. The tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α level (pg/mg) of the control and study groups was 2.82±1.35 and 1.55±0.56, respectively. A significant difference was observed between the control and study groups (p=0.007).

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