J Korean Neuropsychiatr Assoc.  2018 Feb;57(1):81-85. 10.4306/jknpa.2018.57.1.81.

Particulate Matter and Cognitive Function

• Roh J
• Jung HY
• Lee KJ

• KMID: 2405533
• DOI: http://doi.org/10.4306/jknpa.2018.57.1.81

Abstract

The term "particulate Matter (PM)" refers to the mixture of small-sized solid particles and liquid droplets floating in the air, and is referred to as PM₁₀ ( < 10 µm), PM(2.5) ( < 2.5 µm) and PM(1.0). Much PM is an anthropogenic substance generated by transportation or industrial activities, which is transformed into a second toxic substance by chemical reactions in the atmosphere. PM reaches the brain directly through olfactory transport, or through the blood-brain barrier during systemic circulation. PM that enters the local cerebral circulation causes neuroinflammation through microglial cells and endotoxins. According to previous studies, greater PM exposure results in lower brain volume, especially white matter. Among neurodevelopmental disorders, the correlation between the occurrence of autism spectrum disorder and exposure to PM is widely known. Other studies have found that exposure to PM was associated with low cognitive function and increased rate of cognitive aging. PM can also cause pathology of early Alzheimer's disease and increases the risk of Alzheimer's dementia and mild cognitive impairment.

Keyword

Particulate matter; Air pollution; Alzheimer's dementia

MeSH Terms

Air Pollution
Alzheimer Disease
Atmosphere
Autism Spectrum Disorder
Blood-Brain Barrier
Brain
Cerebrovascular Circulation
Cognition*
Cognitive Aging
Dementia
Endotoxins
Mild Cognitive Impairment
Neurodevelopmental Disorders
Particulate Matter*
Pathology
Transportation
White Matter
Endotoxins
Particulate Matter

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