Immune Netw.
2018 Feb;18(1):e5. 10.4110/in.2018.18.e5.
Tissue-specific Role of CX₃CL1 Expressing Immune Cells and Their Relationships with Human Disease
- Affiliations
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- 1Laboratory of Microbiology, College of Pharmacy, Ajou University, Suwon 16499, Korea. sychang@ajou.ac.kr
- 2Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology (RIPST), Ajou University, Suwon 16499, Korea.
- KMID: 2404890
- DOI: http://doi.org/10.4110/in.2018.18.e5
Abstract
- Chemokine (C-X3-C motif) ligand 1 (CX₃CL1, also known as fractalkine) and its receptor chemokine (C-X3-C motif) receptor 1 (CX₃CR1) are widely expressed in immune cells and non-immune cells throughout organisms. However, their expression is mostly cell type-specific in each tissue. CX₃CR1 expression can be found in monocytes, macrophages, dendritic cells, T cells, and natural killer (NK) cells. Interaction between CX3CL1 and CX₃CL1 can mediate chemotaxis of immune cells according to concentration gradient of ligands. CX₃CL1 expressing immune cells have a main role in either pro-inflammatory or anti-inflammatory response depending on environmental condition. In a given tissue such as bone marrow, brain, lung, liver, gut, and cancer, CX₃CL1 expressing cells can maintain tissue homeostasis. Under pathologic conditions, however, CX₃CL1 expressing cells can play a critical role in disease pathogenesis. Here, we discuss recent progresses of CX3CL1/CX₃CL1 in major tissues and their relationships with human diseases.
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