J Vet Sci.  2018 Jan;19(1):107-115. 10.4142/jvs.2018.19.1.107.

Tibial dyschondroplasia is closely related to suppression of expression of hypoxia-inducible factors 1α, 2α, and 3α in chickens

• Huang S
• Rehman MU
• Qiu G
• Luo H
• Iqbal MK
• Zhang H
• Mehmood K
• Li J

• KMID: 2402701
• DOI: http://doi.org/10.4142/jvs.2018.19.1.107

Abstract

Tibial dyschondroplasia (TD) cases has not been reported in Tibetan chickens (TBCs), but it is commonly seen in commercial broilers characterized by lameness. The underlying mechanism remains unclear. Hypoxia-inducible factors (HIFs) are important regulators of cellular adaptation to hypoxic conditions. In this study, we investigated the role of HIF-1α, -2α, and -3α in hypoxia and thiram-induced TD and their effect on tibial growth plate development in Arbor Acres chickens (AACs) and TBCs. RNA and protein expression levels of HIF-1α, -2α, and -3α were determined by using quantitative reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction and western blotting analyses, respectively. Interestingly, the results showed that HIF-1α, -2α, and -3α expressions in the tibial growth plate of TBCs were upregulated by hypoxia and the change was more significant in TBCs than in AACs. However, these factors were downregulated in thiram-induced TD. To further clarify the effect of thiram on tibial growth plate in commercial broilers, AACs were observed to exhibit more pronounced changes in their growth plate that that in TBCs. Taken together, these results demonstrate that HIF-1α, -2α, and -3α may be important in tibial growth plate development and in the prevention of TD. The present study contributes novel insights on a therapeutic target for poultry TD.

Keyword

Tibetan chickens; growth plate; high altitude; hypoxia-inducible factors-1α; tibial dyschondroplasia

MeSH Terms

Anoxia
Blotting, Western
Chickens*
Growth Plate
Osteochondrodysplasias*
Poultry
Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction
RNA
Thiram
RNA
Thiram

Figure

• 

  Fig. 1 Natural hypoxic environmental condition elevated hypoxia-inducible factors (HIFs) expression in Tibetan chickens. Protein expression level of HIF-1α (A) was determined by western blotting; RNA expression levels of HIF-1α (B), HIF-2α (C), and HIF-3α (D) were determined by quantitative reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction. RNA levels from the normoxia group were normalized to a value of 1. Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) was used as the loading control. The results are representative of at least three independent experiments run in triplicate and expressed as means ± SD (n = 3). *p < 0.05, ***p < 0.001.

• 

  Fig. 2 Upregulation of hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF) expression in Tibetan chickens (TBCs) compared with Arbor Acres chickens (AACs) reared at high altitude. Protein expression level of HIF-1α (A) was determined by western blotting; RNA expression levels of HIF-1α (B), HIF-2α (C), and HIF-3α (D) were determined by quantitative reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction. RNA levels from the normoxia group were normalized to a value of 1. Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) was used as the loading control. The results are representative of at least three independent experiments run in triplicate and expressed as means ± SD (n = 3). *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001.

• 

  Fig. 3 Thiram inhibited hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF) expression in Tibetan chickens under normoxic conditions. Protein expression level of HIF-1α (A) was determined by western blotting; RNA expression levels of HIF-1α (B), HIF-2α (C), and HIF-3α (D) were determined by quantitative reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction. RNA levels from the normoxia group were normalized to a value of 1. Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) was used as the loading control. The results are representative of at least three independent experiments run in triplicate and expressed as means ± SD (n = 3). n.s., no significant difference. *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001.

• 

  Fig. 4 Thiram inhibited hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF) expression in Arbor Acres chickens reared at high altitude under normoxic conditions. Protein expression level of HIF-1α (A) was determined by western blotting; RNA expression levels of HIF-1α (B), HIF-2α (C), and HIF-3α (D) were determined by quantitative reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction. RNA levels from the normoxia group were normalized to a value of 1. Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) was used as the loading control. The results are representative of at least three independent experiments run in triplicate and expressed as means ± SD (n = 3). n.s., no significant difference. *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001.

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