J Korean Assoc Oral Maxillofac Surg.  2017 Oct;43(5):288-298. 10.5125/jkaoms.2017.43.5.288.

Three-dimensional printing for craniomaxillofacial regeneration

• Gaviria L
• Pearson JJ
• Montelongo SA
• Guda T
• Ong JL

• KMID: 2393593
• DOI: http://doi.org/10.5125/jkaoms.2017.43.5.288

Abstract

Craniomaxillofacial injuries produce complex wound environments involving various tissue types and treatment strategies. In a clinical setting, care is taken to properly irrigate and stabilize the injury, while grafts are molded in an attempt to maintain physiological functionality and cosmesis. This often requires multiple surgeries and grafts leading to added discomfort, pain and financial burden. Many of these injuries can lead to disfigurement and resultant loss of system function including mastication, respiration, and articulation, and these can lead to acute and long-term psychological impact on the patient. A main causality of these issues is the lack of an ability to spatially control pre-injury morphology while maintaining shape and function. With the advent of additive manufacturing (three-dimensional printing) and its use in conjunction with biomaterial regenerative strategies and stem cell research, there is an increased potential capacity to alleviate such limitations. This review focuses on the current capabilities of additive manufacturing platforms, completed research and potential for future uses in the treatment of craniomaxillofacial injuries, with an in-depth discussion of regeneration of the periodontal complex and teeth.

Keyword

Three-dimensional printing; Periodontium; Hydroxyapatite; Biomaterials

MeSH Terms

Biocompatible Materials
Durapatite
Fungi
Humans
Mastication
Periodontium
Printing, Three-Dimensional*
Regeneration*
Respiration
Stem Cell Research
Tooth
Transplants
Wounds and Injuries
Biocompatible Materials
Durapatite

Figure

• 

  Fig. 1 The advent of additive manufacturing allows for the use of medical and research based imaging modalities to create three-dimensional (3D) computer aided design (CAD) models. These models can be rendered for visual enhancement and surgical simulation or the models can be converted to proper code for additive manufacturing into a graft, prototype or surgical model.

• 

  Fig. 2 The periodontium complex is comprised of cementum (A), the periodontal ligament and alveolar bone. These all have distinct porosity and strength. Additive manufacturing allows for different porosities and strengths (B, C) and the ability to create variations within the same grafts (D).

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