Nutr Res Pract.  2013 Apr;7(2):96-102.

Inhibitory effects of Capsicum annuum L. water extracts on lipoprotein lipase activity in 3T3-L1 cells

• Baek J
• Lee J
• Kim K
• Kim T
• Kim D
• Kim C
• Tsutomu K
• Ochir S
• Lee K
• Park CH
• Lee YJ
• Choe M

Abstract

Obesity, an intractable metabolic disease, currently has no medical treatment without side effects, so studies have been actively carried out to find natural compounds that have anti-obesity activity with minimum side effects. In this study, the anti-obesity effects of water extracts of seven Capsicum annuum L. varieties being Putgochu (Pca), Oyee gochu (Oca), Kwari putgochu (Kca), Green pepper (Gca), Yellow paprika (Yca), Red paprika (Rca) and Cheongyang gochu (Cca), were examined through the evaluation of lipoprotein lipase (LPL) mRNA expression level in 3T3-L1 cells (mouse pre-adipocytes). After capsaicin elimination by chloroform defatting, freeze-dried powder of Cca was treated to 3T3-L1 cells and anti-obesity effects were examined by determining the LPL mRNA level using the RT-PCR method. Of the primary fractions, only proven fractions underwent secondary and tertiary refractionating to determine anti-obesity effects. From seven different Capsicum annuum L., there was a significant decrease of the LPL mRNA expression level of 50.9% in Cca treatment compared to the control group. A significant decrease of the LPL mRNA expression level was shown in primary fractions (Fr) 5 (36.2% decrease) and 6 (30.5% decrease) of the Cca water extracts. Due to the impurities checked by UPLC chromatography, Fr 5 and 6 were refractionated to determine the LPL mRNA expression level. Treatment of Fr 6-6 (35.8% decrease) and Fr 5-6 (35.3% decrease) showed a significant decrease in the LPL mRNA expression level. When analyzed using UPLC, major compounds of Fr 6-6 and Fr 5-6 were very similar. Subsequently, we refractionated Fr 6-6 and Fr 5-6 to isolate the major peak for structure elucidation. Treatment of Fr 5-6-1 (26.6% decrease) and Fr 6-6-1 (29.7% decrease) showed a significant decrease in the LPL mRNA expression level. Consequently, the fractions may have a possibility to ameliorate obesity through the decrease of the LPL mRNA expression level.

Keyword

Anti-obesity; Capsicum annuum L.; lipoprotein lipase (LPL); 3T3-L1 cells; RT-PCR

MeSH Terms

3T3-L1 Cells
Capsaicin
Capsicum
Chloroform
Chromatography
Lipoprotein Lipase
Lipoproteins
Metabolic Diseases
Obesity
RNA, Messenger
Water
Capsaicin
Chloroform
Lipoprotein Lipase
Lipoproteins
RNA, Messenger
Water

Figure

• 

  Fig. 1 Effect of plant water extracts on the viability of 3T3-L1 cells. The results are from three experiments and are expressed as mean ± SD. Cca, Chungyang gochu; Pca, Putgochu; Oca, Oiegochu; Kca, Kkwari putgochu; Gca, Green pepper; Yca, Yellow paprika; Rca, Red paprika; data values are expressed as mean ± SD of triplicate determinations. *P < 0.05 vs control, +P < 0.01 vs control, #P < 0.01 vs control.

• 

  Fig. 2 Effect of Capsicum Fructus extracts on the lipoprotein lipase (LPL) mRNA expression in 3T3-L1 cells. The results are from three experiments and are expressed as mean ± SD. The doses of all pepper extracts are 1,000 ppm. Cca, Chungyang gochu; Pca, Putgochu; Oca, Oiegochu; Kca, Kkwari putgochu; Gca, Green pepper; Yca, Yellow paprika; Rca, Red paprika; data values are expressed as mean ± SD of triplicate determinations. *P < 0.05 vs control, +P < 0.01 vs control, #P < 0.01 vs control.

• 

  Fig. 3 Effect of Cca first fractions on lipoprotein lipase (LPL) mRNA expression after non-differentiation in 3T3-L1 cells. The results are from three experiments and are expressed as mean ± SD. The doses of all fractions are 1,000 ppm. Cca, Chungyang gochu; data values are expressed as mean ± SD of triplicate determinations. *P < 0.05 vs control, +P< 0.01 vs control, #P < 0.01 vs control.

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  Fig. 4 UPLC-UV chromatogram of fraction isolated from Cca. [A]: Cca Fr. 5, [B]: Cca Fr. 6. Cca, Chungyang gochu.

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  Fig. 5 The effect of lipoprotein lipase (LPL) mRNA expression on sub-fractions of Cca Fr. 5 in 3T3-L1 cells. Results are from three experiments and are expressed as mean ± SD. The doses of all fractions are 1,000 ppm. Cca, Chungyang gochu; data values are expressed as mean ± SD of triplicate determinations. *P < 0.05 vs control, +P < 0.01 vs control, #P < 0.01 vs control.

• 

  Fig. 6 The effect of lipoprotein lipase (LPL) mRNA expression on sub-fractions of Cca Fr. 6 in 3T3-L1 cells. The results are from three experiments and are expressed as mean ± SD. The doses of all fractions are 1,000 ppm. Cca, Chungyang gochu; data values are expressed as mean ± SD of triplicate determinations. *P < 0.05 vs control, +P < 0.01 vs control, #P < 0.01 vs control.

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  Fig. 7 UPLC-UV chromatogram of fraction isolated from Cca. [A]: Cca Fr. 5-6, [B]: Cca Fr. 6-6. Cca, Chungyang gochu.

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  Fig. 8 The effect of third fractions of CHE Fr. 5-6 on lipoprotein lipase (LPL) mRNA expression after non-differentiation in 3T3-L1 cells. Results are from three experiments and are expressed as mean ± SD. The dose of fraction is 1,000 ppm. Cca, Chungyang gochu; data values are expressed as mean ± SD of triplicate determinations. +P < 0.01 vs control.

• 

  Fig. 9 The effect of third fractions of CHE Fr. 6-6 on lipoprotein lipase (LPL) mRNA expression after non-differentiation in 3T3-L1 cells. The results are from three experiments and are expressed as mean ± SD. The dose of fraction is 1,000 ppm. Cca, Chungyang gochu; data values are expressed as mean ± SD of triplicate determinations. +P < 0.01 vs control.

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