Endocrinol Metab.  2017 Sep;32(3):375-382. 10.3803/EnM.2017.32.3.375.

A Novel Index Using Soluble CD36 Is Associated with the Prevalence of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: Comparison Study with Triglyceride-Glucose Index

• Kim HJ
• Moon JS
• Park IR
• Kim JH
• Yoon JS
• Won KC
• Lee HW

• KMID: 2389819
• DOI: http://doi.org/10.3803/EnM.2017.32.3.375

Abstract

BACKGROUND
Plasma soluble cluster determinant 36 (sCD36) level is closely related with insulin resistance and atherosclerosis, but little is known whether it could be a surrogate for estimating risk of developing diabetes or not. To address this, we evaluated association between sCD36 index, the product of sCD36 and fasting plasma glucose (FPG), and the prevalence of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), and then compared with triglyceride-glucose (TyG) index which has been suggested simple index for insulin resistance.
METHODS
This was cross-sectional study, and participants were classified as normal glucose tolerance (NGT), prediabetes, and T2DM according to glucose tolerance. The formula of TyG index was "˜ln [FPG (mg/dL)×triglyceride (mg/dL)/2],' and the sCD36 index was "˜ln [sCD36 (pg/mL)×FPG (mg/dL)/2].'
RESULTS
One hundred and fifty-five subjects (mean age, 55.2 years) were enrolled, and patients with T2DM were 75. Both indexes were significantly increased in prediabetes and T2DM rather than NGT, and sCD36 index was positively correlated with both glycosylated hemoglobin and homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (r=0.767 and r=0.453, respectively; P<0.05) and negatively with homeostasis model assessment estimate of β-cell function (r=−0.317). The odds ratio (OR) of sCD36 index for T2DM was 4.39 (95% confidential interval, 1.51 to 12.77) after adjusting age, gender, blood pressure, smoking, alcohol, non-high density lipoprotein cholesterol and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein. However, OR of TyG index did not remained significance after adjustment.
CONCLUSION
sCD36 index has an independent association with the risk of T2DM, and showed better correlation than TyG index. These results suggest sCD36 index might be useful surrogate marker for the risk of diabetes.

Keyword

CD36; CD36 index; TyG index; Insulin resistance; Diabetes mellitus, type 2

MeSH Terms

Atherosclerosis
Biomarkers
Blood Glucose
Blood Pressure
C-Reactive Protein
Cholesterol
Cross-Sectional Studies
Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2*
Fasting
Glucose
Hemoglobin A, Glycosylated
Homeostasis
Humans
Insulin Resistance
Lipoproteins
Odds Ratio
Plasma
Prediabetic State
Prevalence*
Smoke
Smoking
Biomarkers
C-Reactive Protein
Cholesterol
Glucose
Lipoproteins
Smoke

Figure

• 

  Fig. 1 Comparison of triglyceride-glucose (TyG) index (A) and soluble cluster determinant 36 (sCD36) index (B) according to glucose tolerance. (A) TyG index was significantly increased in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) compared with normal glucose tolerance (NGT) and prediabetes. (B) sCD36 index was significantly increased in T2DM compared with NGT and prediabetes. Differences were analyzed by analysis of variance, followed by Tukey test, aP<0.05 for trends; bP<0.05 for post hoc analysis vs. NGT.

• 

  Fig. 2 Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves of triglyceride-glucose (TyG) index and soluble cluster determinant 36 (sCD36) index in the identification of type 2 diabetes mellitus. The area under the ROC curve for each index is in parentheses.

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