Environ Health Toxicol.
2015 ;30(1):e2015004. 10.5620/eht.e2015004.
Korean research project on the integrated exposure assessment of hazardous substances for food safety
- Affiliations
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- 1Department of Preventive Medicine, Dankook University College of Medicine, Cheonan, Korea. hojang@dankook.ac.kr
- 2Department of Public Health Statistics, Graduate School of Public Health, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea.
- 3Department of Food and Nutrition, Kyung Hee University College of Human Ecology, Seoul, Korea.
- 4Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Prevention, National Cancer Center, Goyang, Korea.
- 5Department of Preventive Medicine, Kangwon National University School of Medicine, Chuncheon, Korea.
- 6Department of Preventive Medicine, Chung-Ang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
- 7Department of Preventive Medicine, Dong-A University College of Medicine, Busan, Korea.
- 8Department of Preventive Medicine, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, Korea.
- 9Molecular Recognition Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul, Korea.
- 10Advanced Analysis Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul, Korea.
- 11Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Dongguk University, Seoul, Korea.
- 12Department of Preventive Medicine, Chungbuk National University College of Medicine, Cheongju, Korea.
- 13Korea Institute of Environment and Health, Seoul, Korea.
- 14Food Risk Analysis Division, National Institute of Food and Drug Safety Evaluation, Cheongwon, Korea.
- KMID: 2380080
- DOI: http://doi.org/10.5620/eht.e2015004
Abstract
OBJECTIVES
This survey was designed to conduct the first nationwide dietary exposure assessment on hazardous substances including the intakes of functional food and herbal medicine. In this paper, we introduced the survey design and the results of the dietary exposure status and internal exposure levels of lead (Pb), cadmium (Cd), and mercury (Hg).
METHODS
We selected 4867 subjects of all ages throughout Korea. We conducted a food survey, dietary survey, biomonitoring, and health survey.
RESULTS
Pb and Cd were the highest (median value) in the seaweed (94.2 mug/kg for Pb; 594 mug/kg for Cd), and Hg was the highest in the fish (46.4 mug/kg). The dietary exposure level (median value) of Pb was 0.14 mug/kg body weight (bw)/d, 0.18 mug/kg bw/d for Cd, and 0.07 mug/kg bw/d for Hg. Those with a blood Pb level of less than 5.00 mug/dL (US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, reference value for those 1 to 5 years of age) were 99.0% of all the subjects. Those with a blood Cd level with less than 0.30 mug/L (German Federal Environmental Agency, reference value for non-smoking children) were 24.5%. For those with a blood Hg level with less than 5.00 mug/L (human biomonitoring I, references value for children and adults, German Federal Environmental Agency) was 81.0 % of all the subjects.
CONCLUSIONS
The main dietary exposure of heavy metals occurs through food consumed in a large quantity and high frequency. The blood Hg level and dietary exposure level of Hg were both higher than those in the European Union.
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