J Korean Acad Oral Health.  2017 Mar;41(1):22-27. 10.11149/jkaoh.2017.41.1.22.

Red fluorescence of oral bacteria interacting with Porphyromonas gingivalis

• Kim SY
• Woo DH
• Lee MA
• Kim JS
• Lee JH
• Jeong SH

• KMID: 2376035
• DOI: http://doi.org/10.11149/jkaoh.2017.41.1.22

Abstract

OBJECTIVES
Dental plaque is composed of 700 bacterial species. It is known that some oral microorganisms produce porphyrin, and thus, they emit red fluorescence when illuminated with blue light at a specific wavelength of <410 nm. Porphyromonas gingivalis belongs to the genus Porphyromonas, which is characterized by the production of porphyrin. The aim of this study was to evaluate red fluorescence emission of some oral microorganisms interacting with P. gingivalis.
METHODS
Five bacterial strains (P. gingivalis, Streptococcus mutans, Lactobacillus casei, Actinomyces naeslundii, and Fusobacterium nucleatum) were used for this study. Tryptic soy agar medium supplemented with hemin, vitamin K3, and sheep blood was used as a growth medium. The fluorescence emission of bacterial colonies was evaluated under 405 nm-wavelength blue light using a Quantitative Light-induced Fluorescence Digital (QLF-D) camera system. Each bacterium was cultured alone and co-cultured in close proximity with P. gingivalis. The red/green (R/G) ratio of fluorescence image was calculated and the differences of R/G ratio according to each growth condition were compared using the Mann-Whitney test (P<0.05).
RESULTS
Single cultured S. mutans, L. casei and A. naeslundii colonies emitted red fluorescence (R/G ratio=2.15±0.06, 4.31±0.17, 5.52±1.29, respectively). Fusobacterium nucleatum colonies emitted green fluorescence (R/G ratio=1.36±0.06). The R/G ratios of A. naeslundii and F. nucleatum were increased when P. gingivalis was co-cultured with each bacterium (P<0.05). In contrast, the R/G ratios of S. mutans and L. casei were decreased when P. gingivalis was co-cultured with each bacterium (P=0.002, 0.003).
CONCLUSIONS
This study confirmed that P. gingivalis could affect the red fluorescence of other oral bacteria under 405 nm-wavelength blue light. Our findings concluded that P. gingivalis has an important role for red fluorescence emission of dental biofilm.

Keyword

Actinomyces naeslundii; Fluorescence; Fusobacterium nucleatum; Lactobacillus casei; Porphyromonas gingivalis; Red fluorescence; Streptococcus mutans

MeSH Terms

Actinomyces
Agar
Bacteria*
Biofilms
Dental Plaque
Fluorescence*
Fusobacterium
Fusobacterium nucleatum
Hemin
Lactobacillus casei
Porphyromonas gingivalis*
Porphyromonas*
Sheep
Streptococcus mutans
Vitamin K 3
Agar
Hemin
Vitamin K 3

Figure

• 

  Fig. 1 The blue-light image of S. mutans, L. casei, A. naeslundii, F. nucleatum cultivated on TSA blood media. Fluorescence images of left side were cultivated single at each plate, right side were cultivated in close proximity with P. gingivalis.

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