J Dent Rehabil Appl Sci.  2016 Dec;32(4):263-273. 10.14368/jdras.2016.32.4.263.

A literature review on implant abutment and soft tissue response

• Lee YH
• Ko KH
• Huh YH
• Park CJ
• Cho LR

• KMID: 2369066
• DOI: http://doi.org/10.14368/jdras.2016.32.4.263

Abstract

In the implant prosthetic procedure, the soft tissue reaction was varied with the material and surface treatment of the abutment. It may be the cause of the peri-implantitis, and hence it can affect the long-term prognosis of the implant prosthesis. Titania and zirconia abutment presented superior biocompatibility and stable soft tissue reaction, while gold alloy abutment showed unfavorable reaction sometimes. A soft tissue reaction can be differed by the surface characteristics even in the same material type. Because rougher surface induces a bacterial attachment, the part contacting a soft tissue should have smooth surface. Additional surface treatment can enhance the cellular response without increasing bacterial attachment. Repeated removal and insertion of the abutment and the shape of the abutment may affect the soft tissue reaction, also. Ultrasonic cleaning and argon plasma cleaning are effective way to clean the retained micro-dust on the customized abutment.

Keyword

abutment material; surface treatment; cellular response; bacterial attachment; custom abutment

MeSH Terms

Alloys
Argon
Peri-Implantitis
Plasma
Prognosis
Prostheses and Implants
Ultrasonics
Alloys
Argon

Figure

• 

  Fig. 1 Soft tissue surrounding tooth (left) and implant (right). Longer junctional epithelium (JE) and parallel arranged connective tissue (CT) fiber surrounding implant.

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  Fig. 2 Long-term soft tissue reaction on the different abutment materials. (A) Healthy soft tissue surrounding titanium abutment, (B) Inflammatory tissue surrounding gold abutment.

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  Fig. 3 P. gingivalis attachment on the different surface treatments. (A) Machined-turned surface, (B) Magnesium ion implanted surface, (C) Sandblasted with magnesium ion implanted surface. Chemical modification and surface roughening induced increased bacterial attachment.

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  Fig. 4 Fusobacterium attachment on the different ion types. (A) Machined-turned surface, (B) Calcium ion implanted surface, (C) Magnesium ion implanted surface. Chemical modification regardless of the ion type induced increased bacterial attachment. It means non-specific bacterial attachment.

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  Fig. 5 Soft tissue reaction on the different implant connection types in one patient. (A) Soft tissue reaction on the internal connection type in the maxilla, (B) Soft tissue reaction on the external connection type in the mandible.

Reference

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