Korean J Physiol Pharmacol.  2016 Nov;20(6):581-593. 10.4196/kjpp.2016.20.6.581.

Evaluation of fish oil-rich in MUFAs for anti-diabetic and anti-inflammation potential in experimental type 2 diabetic rats

• Keapai W
• Apichai S
• Amornlerdpison D
• Lailerd N

• KMID: 2364262
• DOI: http://doi.org/10.4196/kjpp.2016.20.6.581

Abstract

The advantages of monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFAs) on insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) have been well established. However, the molecular mechanisms of the anti-diabetic action of MUFAs remain unclear. This study examined the anti-hyperglycemic effect and explored the molecular mechanisms involved in the actions of fish oil- rich in MUFAs that had been acquired from hybrid catfish (Pangasius larnaudii×Pangasianodon hypophthalmus) among experimental type 2 diabetic rats. Diabetic rats that were fed with fish oil (500 and 1,000 mg/kg BW) for 12 weeks significantly reduced the fasting plasma glucose levels without increasing the plasma insulin levels. The diminishing levels of plasma lipids and the muscle triglyceride accumulation as well as the plasma leptin levels were identified in T2DM rats, which had been administrated with fish oil. Notably, the plasma adiponectin levels increased among these rats. The fish oil supplementation also improved glucose tolerance, insulin sensitivity and pancreatic histological changes. Moreover, the supplementation of fish oil improved insulin signaling (p-Akt(Ser473) and p-PKC-ζ/λ(Thr410/403)), p-AMPK(Thr172) and membrane GLUT4 protein expressions, whereas the protein expressions of pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α and nuclear NF-κB) as well as p-PKC-θ(Thr538) were down regulated in the skeletal muscle. These data indicate that the effects of fish oil-rich in MUFAs in these T2DM rats were partly due to the attenuation of insulin resistance and an improvement in the adipokine imbalance. The mechanisms of the anti-hyperglycemic effect are involved in the improvement of insulin signaling, AMPK activation, GLUT4 translocation and suppression of pro-inflammatory cytokine protein expressions.

Keyword

Anti-hyperglycemia; Fish oil; Insulin-signaling; Monounsaturated fatty acids; Type 2 diabetes mellitus

MeSH Terms

Adipokines
Adiponectin
AMP-Activated Protein Kinases
Animals
Blood Glucose
Catfishes
Cytokines
Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2
Fasting
Fatty Acids, Monounsaturated
Fish Oils
Glucose
Glucose Transporter Type 4
Insulin
Insulin Resistance
Leptin
Membranes
Muscle, Skeletal
Plasma
Rats*
Triglycerides
AMP-Activated Protein Kinases
Adipokines
Adiponectin
Cytokines
Fatty Acids, Monounsaturated
Fish Oils
Glucose
Glucose Transporter Type 4
Insulin
Leptin

Figure

• 

  Fig. 1 Effects of fish oil-rich in MUFAs acquired from hybrid catfish on OGTT in normal and diabetic rats (A) Glucose response (B) Area under the curve for glucose.

• 

  Fig. 2 Effects of fish oil-rich in MUFAs acquired from hybrid catfish on insulin signaling (A) AktSer473 phosphorylation (B) PKC-ζ/λThr 410/403 phosphorylation.

• 

  Fig. 3 Effects of fish oil-rich in MUFAs acquired from hybrid catfish on AMPK-αThr172 phosphorylation.

• 

  Fig. 4 Effects of fish oil-rich in MUFAs acquired from hybrid catfish on membrane GLUT4 protein expression.

• 

  Fig. 5 Effects of fish oil-rich in MUFAs acquired from hybrid catfish on inflammatory cytokine protein expressions (A) TNF-α (B) nuclear NF-κB and (C) PKC-θThr538 phosphorylation.

• 

  Fig. 6 Photomicrograph of pancreatic islets of Langerhans.

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