J Nutr Health.  2016 Oct;49(5):288-294. 10.4163/jnh.2016.49.5.288.

Rhamnazin inhibits LPS-induced inflammation and ROS/RNS in raw macrophages

• Kim YJ

• KMID: 2357131
• DOI: http://doi.org/10.4163/jnh.2016.49.5.288

Abstract

PURPOSE
The aim of this work was to investigate the beneficial effects of rhamnazin against inflammation, reactive oxygen species (ROS)/reactive nitrogen species (RNS), and anti-oxidative activity in murine macrophage RAW264.7 cells.
METHODS
To examine the beneficial properties of rhamnazin on inflammation, ROS/ RNS, and anti-oxidative activity in the murine macrophage RAW264.7 cell model, several key markers, including COX and 5-LO activities, NO"¢, ONOO-, total reactive species formation, lipid peroxidation, "¢Oâ‚‚ levels, and catalase activity were estimated.
RESULTS
Results show that rhamnazin was protective against LPS-induced cytotoxicity in macrophage cells. The underlying action of rhamnazin might be through modulation of ROS/RNS and anti-oxidative activity through regulation of total reactive species production, lipid peroxidation, catalase activity, and "¢Oâ‚‚, NO"¢, and ONOO"¢ levels. In addition, rhamnazin down-regulated the activities of pro-inflammatory COX and 5-LO.
CONCLUSION
The plausible action by which rhamnazin renders its protective effects in macrophage cells is likely due to its capability to regulate LPS-induced inflammation, ROS/ RNS, and anti-oxidative activity.

Keyword

rhamnazin; inflammation; reactive oxygen species; reactive nitrogen species; 5-lipoxygenase

MeSH Terms

Arachidonate 5-Lipoxygenase
Catalase
Inflammation*
Lipid Peroxidation
Macrophages*
Nitrogen
Reactive Nitrogen Species
Reactive Oxygen Species
Arachidonate 5-Lipoxygenase
Catalase
Nitrogen
Reactive Nitrogen Species
Reactive Oxygen Species

Figure

• 

  Fig. 1 Chemical structure of rhamnazin

• 

  Fig. 2 Effect of rhamnazin on cell viability. Cells were treated with or without LPS (100 ng/mL) and various concentrations of rhamnazin (0~20 µM) for 18 h, and cells were evaluated by the MTT assay. Data are represented as the mean ± SEM of at least three determinations. ap < 0.05, bp < 0.01 compared with non-treated values; dp < 0.05, ep < 0.01 compared with LPS-exposed values

• 

  Fig. 3 Effect of rhamnazin on lipid peroxidation (A), catalase activity (B), PGE2 levels for COX activity (C) and LTB4 levels. Cells were treated with or without LPS (100 ng/mL) and various concentrations of rhamnazin (1, 5 and 10 µM) for 18 h. NAC (10 µM) was used as a positive control. Results are expressed as the mean ± SEM of at least three determinations. ap < 0.05, bp < 0.01, cp < 0.001 compared with non-treated values; dp < 0.05, ep < 0.01, fp < 0.001 compared with LPS-exposed values

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