Prevention of Osteoporosis in Women

Choi, Jong Soon; Kim, Heung Yeol

Abstract

Osteoporosis, the most common bone disease, is a silent condition resulting in increased fracture risk. The disorder is characterized by compromised bone strength and increased susceptibility to fractures that have important health and socioeconomic consequences. The prevention of osteoporosis should begin early and continue throughout life with measures that maintain or improve bone health. These measures include regular physical activity and a balanced diet, including adequate intake of calcium and other minerals, proteins, and foods rich in antioxidants. In older persons at increased risk of fragility fractures, the prevention of falls and the maintenance of adequate vitamin D status are essential. Assessment of fracture risk, followed by proven effective non-pharmacologic and pharmacologic management remains low, even in patients who have sustained a fragility fracture. Non-pharmacologic intervention should always be implemented, but many patients also need pharmacologic intervention to achieve adequate fracture protection. While low bone mineral density (BMD) is a factor in bone fragility, low BMD is not the only factor. Drugs for osteoporosis should not only promote changes in BMD, but should be proven to reduce the incidence of fractures. This article reviews advances in strategies to prevent osteoporosis.