J Biomed Res.  2015 Jun;16(2):47-52. 10.12729/jbr.2015.16.2.047.

Analysis of porcine macrophage immune response to antigenic molecules and short chain fatty acids

• Han NE
• Lee EJ
• Park KS
• Jeon IS
• Lee HK
• Song KD
• Choi JK

• KMID: 2286281
• DOI: http://doi.org/10.12729/jbr.2015.16.2.047

Abstract

Macrophages play an important role in both the innate and adaptive immune responses. These include phagocytosis, killing of microorganisms, antigen presentation, and induction of immune cytokines and antimicrobial genes. Macrophage activity is reported to be controlled by diverse exogenous antigenic or endogenous metabolic molecules, and the underlying mechanisms are well documented in human and mouse macrophage cells. Bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS) is known to be one of the most potent stimuli activating macrophages through the toll like receptor 4 (TLR4) signaling pathway. There are other antigenic molecules, such as muramyl dipeptide (MDP) and outer membrane protein A (OmpA), that are also known to activate immune cells. On the other hand, short chain fatty acids (SCFAs) such as acetate and butyrate are produced by gut microbiota and control host energy metabolism and signal transduction through GPR receptors. However, there are few studies demonstrating the effects of these molecules in macrophages from domestic animals, including domestic pigs. In this study, we attempted to characterize gene expression regulation in porcine macrophages (PoM2, Pig Monocytes clone 2) following treatment with LPS, MDP, OmpA, and two short chain fatty acids using porcine genome microarray and RT-PCR techniques. A number of novel porcine genes, including anti-microbial peptides and others, appeared to be regulated at the transcriptional level. Our study reports novel biomarkers such as SLC37A2, TMEN184C, and LEAP2 that are involved in the porcine immune response to bacterial antigen LPS and two short chain fatty acids.

Keyword

LPS; macrophage; immune response; DNA microarray; short chain fatty acid

MeSH Terms

Acetylmuramyl-Alanyl-Isoglutamine
Animals
Animals, Domestic
Antigen Presentation
Biomarkers
Butyrates
Clone Cells
Cytokines
Energy Metabolism
Fatty Acids*
Gene Expression Regulation
Genome
Hand
Homicide
Humans
Macrophages*
Membrane Proteins
Mice
Microbiota
Monocytes
Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis
Peptides
Phagocytosis
Signal Transduction
Sus scrofa
Toll-Like Receptor 4
Acetylmuramyl-Alanyl-Isoglutamine
Butyrates
Cytokines
Fatty Acids
Membrane Proteins
Peptides
Toll-Like Receptor 4