Korean J Nutr.  2013 Feb;46(1):61-71. 10.4163/kjn.2013.46.1.61.

The relationship between intake of nutrients and food groups and insulin resistance in Korean adults: Using the Fourth Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES IV, 2007-2009)

• Song S
• Paik HY
• Song Y

• KMID: 2269188
• DOI: http://doi.org/10.4163/kjn.2013.46.1.61

Abstract

The aim of this study was to examine the relationship between dietary variables and the prevalence of insulin resistance (IR) in middle-aged Korean adults using data from the 2007-2009 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Because IR is closely linked with metabolic syndrome, subjects were divided into three groups according to symptoms of metabolic syndrome: the 'Normal group' without any symptoms, the 'Risk group' with one or two symptoms, and the 'Metabolic syndrome (MetS) group' with three or more symptoms. Subjects between the ages of 30 and 65 years with no prior diagnosis or treatment for diabetes, hypertension, or dyslipidemia were selected. The number of subjects per group was as follows: 2,085 adults in the Normal group, 3,699 adults in the Risk group, and 1,160 adults in the MetS group. Metabolic syndrome was defined according to Adult Treatment Panel III criteria with modified waist circumference cutoff values (men > or = 90 cm, women > or = 85 cm). Subjects with HOMA-IR > 2.0 were classified as IR. Homeostasis Model Assessment of Insulin Resistance (HOMA-IR) was calculated using the following formula: (fasting plasma glucose x fasting plasma insulin)/22.5. Nutrients and food groups intake were obtained from a single 24-hour recall. Subjects with IR in the Normal group were more obese and less physically active than non-IR subjects. In the MetS group, subjects with IR were more obese and had a lower prevalence of smoking and drinking, compared with non-IR subjects. Men with IR in the Normal group had a tendency to consume more oils and sugars than non-IR men, while women with IR in the same group had higher intake of carbohydrate, dietary glycemic index, and dietary glycemic load than non-IR women. Women with IR in the Risk group had lower energy intake but higher intake of oils and sugars than non-IR women. In the MetS group, consumption of fruits was higher in subjects with IR than in non-IR subjects. In conclusion, findings of this study suggest that dietary carbohydrate intake, including glycemic index, may be associated with IR in healthy women. Further research in prospective cohort studies in order to examine the effects of dietary carbohydrate on IR incidence will be necessary.

Keyword

HOMA-IR; insulin resistance; metabolic syndrome; carbohydrate intake; Korean adults

MeSH Terms

Adult
Carbohydrates
Cohort Studies
Dietary Carbohydrates
Drinking
Dyslipidemias
Energy Intake
Fasting
Female
Fruit
Glucose
Glycemic Index
Homeostasis
Humans
Hypertension
Incidence
Insulin
Insulin Resistance
Korea
Male
Nutrition Surveys
Oils
Plasma
Prevalence
Smoke
Smoking
Waist Circumference
Carbohydrates
Dietary Carbohydrates
Glucose
Insulin
Oils
Smoke

Figure

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  Fig. 1 Flow chart of subjects selection.

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  Fig. 2 Prevalence of insulin resistance (IR) by symptoms of metabolic syndrome. 1) Insulin resistance (IR) was defined as HOMA-IR > 2.0. Homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), a surrogate measure of IR, was calculated by the following formula; [fasting plasma glucose (mmol/L) × fasting plasma insulin (µIU/mL)]/22.5. 2) Subjects without any symptoms of metabolic syndrome were defined as the normal group. 3) Subjects with 1 or 2 symptoms of metabolic syndrome were defined as the risk group. 4) Subjects with 3 or more symptoms of metabolic syndrome were defined as the MetS group.

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