Korean J Community Nutr.  2014 Feb;19(1):84-94. 10.5720/kjcn.2014.19.1.84.

Association of Food and Nutrient Intakes with Periodontitis by Smoking Status among Korean Adults

• Kim S
• Yu A
• Yang YJ

• KMID: 2267763
• DOI: http://doi.org/10.5720/kjcn.2014.19.1.84

Abstract

Periodontal disease is one of the most common chronic inflammatory diseases in the oral cavity, and this is the leading cause of loss of teeth. Studies on the association between diet and periodontal diseases are very limited. The purpose of this study was to investigate the association between food and nutrient intakes and the prevalence of periodontitis. Subjects were 13,391 adults participating in the 2008-2010 Korea Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Periodontitis was diagnosed by dentists using the Community Periodontal Index. Nutrient intakes were estimated by the 24-hour dietary recall. Consumption frequencies of foods were from the food frequency questionnaire. Subjects were categorized into 'smoking' or 'non-smoking' groups. Multiple logistic regression analysis was applied to determine the association between diet and periodontitis. The proportions of subjects having periodontitis were 26% in the non-smoking group and 37.5% in the smoking group. In the non-smoking group, intakes of fruits, dairy products, green tea, energy and vitamin C were inversely associated with the prevalence of periodontitis, but fish and coffee intakes were positively associated with the prevalence of periodontitis after adjusting for covariates. In the smoking group, protein and retinol intakes were inversely associated with the prevalence of periodontitis after adjusting for covariates. These results suggest that certain food and nutrient intakes such as fruits, dairy products, green tea, vitamin C, protein, or retinol intakes may affect the prevalence of periodontitis among Korean adults. Further studies are required to confirm these findings in other research settings.

Keyword

periodontitis; diet; KNHANES; Community Periodontal Index

MeSH Terms

Adult*
Ascorbic Acid
Coffee
Dairy Products
Dentists
Diet
Fruit
Humans
Korea
Logistic Models
Mouth
Periodontal Diseases
Periodontal Index
Periodontitis*
Prevalence
Surveys and Questionnaires
Smoke*
Smoking*
Tea
Tooth
Vitamin A
Ascorbic Acid
Coffee
Smoke
Tea
Vitamin A

Figure

• 

  Fig. 1 Prevalence rate of periodontitis according to age groups by the smoking status.

• 

  Fig. 2 Frequencies of food intakes of the subjects according to periodontitis by the smoking status. General liner model after adjustment for age and sex. *: P < 0.05, **: P < 0.01

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