J Korean Rheum Assoc.  2010 Dec;17(4):368-375. 10.4078/jkra.2010.17.4.368.

Measurement of Purine Contents in Korean Alcoholic Beverages

• Jun JB
• Na YI
• Kim HJ
• Kim SH
• Park YS
• Kang J

• KMID: 2201894
• DOI: http://doi.org/10.4078/jkra.2010.17.4.368

Abstract

OBJECTIVE
Gout is one of the most common forms of inflammatory arthritides among men, which is caused primarily by chronic hyperuricemia. Although pharmacological therapy is the mainstay treatment to manage gout, limiting the consumption of dietary purine is also important. Several epidemiological studies have reported that alcohol consumption is closely related to hyperuricemia and gout. The objective of this study was to determine the purine content in common Korean alcoholic beverages using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) to provide a dietary guideline for those with hyperuricemia or gout.
METHODS
Thirty-five alcoholic beverages were analyzed. Blindly labeled samples of each alcoholic beverage were degassed and frozen. The sample preparation prior to HPLC followed the methods of Japanese researchers. HPLC was performed to analyze adenine, guanine, hypoxanthine, and xanthine content in the alcoholic beverages.
RESULTS
The standard curves were linear for all purines. Purine contents were as follows: beer (42.26~146.39 micromol/L, n=12), medicinal wine (8.2 and 40.41 micromol/L, n=2), rice wine (13.19 micromol/L), Makgeolri (11.71 and 24.72 micromol/L, n=2), red wine (0, 6.03, and 17.9 micromol/L, n=3). No purines were found in fruit wine (n=2), Kaoliang (n=1), white wine (n=1), or distilled alcoholic beverages, such as soju (n=10) or whiskey (n=1).
CONCLUSION
Among popular Korean alcoholic beverages, beer contained a considerable amount of purines, whereas distilled alcoholic beverages did not. Patients with either gout or hyperuricemia should avoid alcoholic beverages, especially those containing large amounts of purines.

Keyword

Gout; Purine; Alcohol; HPLC

MeSH Terms

Adenine
Alcohol Drinking
Alcoholic Beverages
Alcoholics
Arthritis
Asian Continental Ancestry Group
Beer
Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid
Chromatography, Liquid
Fruit
Gout
Guanine
Humans
Hyperuricemia
Hypoxanthine
Male
Purines
Wine
Xanthine
Adenine
Guanine
Hypoxanthine
Purines
Xanthine

Figure

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  Fig. 1. Chromatogram of standard purine bases and a sample.

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  Fig. 2. Standard curves for for purine bases. (A) Adenine, (B) Guanine, (C) Hypoxanthine, (D) Xanthine.

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