J Korean Orthop Assoc.  2009 Feb;44(1):37-45. 10.4055/jkoa.2009.44.1.37.

Age Related Local Growth Factors Affect Muscle Regeneration in Distraction Osteogenesis

• Shin HD
• Kim KC
• Li X
• Kim DK

• KMID: 2186376
• DOI: http://doi.org/10.4055/jkoa.2009.44.1.37

Abstract

PURPOSE: To evaluate the effect of growth factors on muscle regeneration related to the distraction rate and age on bone distraction.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
This study examined the effects in the tibialis anterior (TA) and soleus muscles after tibial bone distraction in 6 young and mature rats. The young and old rats were 6 weeks old (average 250 mg) and 6 months old (average 450 mg), respectively. In all rats, the right tibial bone was distracted, and the left was used as a control group. The development pattern of IGF-1, PDGF, bFGF was assessed using immunohistochemical techniques. The distraction rate was 0.7 mm/day (2 times) and the total extension ratio was 20% in all cases.
RESULTS
In the TA muscle, the development of IGF-1 and PDGF was inversely proportional to age (p<0.05). In the soleus muscle, the development of IGF-1 and PDGF was higher in the old rats but the difference was not statistically significant. BrdU positive cells were expressed in the myosatellite cells and the basement membrane of myocytes. IGF-1 and PDGF was also expressed in myosatellite cells but bFGF was not. bFGF facilitated bone regeneration but the mechanism for its effects on muscle regeneration were not identified.
CONCLUSION
Distraction osteogenesis facilitates the release of growth factors. Immature muscles adapt to the distraction but mature muscles do not. This suggests that mature muscles are less able to activate the proliferation and differentiation of myosatellite cells and the local release of growth factors when bone distraction is performed.

Keyword

Distraction osteogenesis; Growth factor; Muscle regeneration

MeSH Terms

Animals
Basement Membrane
Bone Regeneration
Bromodeoxyuridine
Insulin-Like Growth Factor I
Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins
Muscle Cells
Muscle, Skeletal
Muscles
Osteogenesis, Distraction
Rats
Regeneration
Bromodeoxyuridine
Insulin-Like Growth Factor I
Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins

Figure

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  Fig. 1 BrdU immunostain. (A-D) Tibalis anterior. (E-H) Soleus. (A) 6 week control, ×400, (B) 6 week lengthening ×400, (C) 6 month control ×400, (D) 6 month lengthening ×400, (E) 6 week control ×200, (F) 6 week lengthening ×400, (G) 6 month control ×200, (H) 6 month lengthening ×400.

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  Fig. 2 Bone distraction promoted BrdU expression in soleus muscle and tibialis anterior.

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  Fig. 3 (A) IGF-1 immunostaining in tibialis anterior. (B) IGF-1 immunostaining in soleus muscle.

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  Fig. 4 (A) PDGF-1 immunostaining in tibialis anterior. (B) PDGF-1 immunostaining in soleus muscle.

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  Fig. 5 bFGF immunostaining in tibialis anterior and soleus muscle.

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  Fig. 6 IGF-1 expression of the Tibial anterior was decresead in mature rats than that of young rats.

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  Fig. 7 According to bone distraction, IGF-1, PDGF of the soleus muscle are increased in all of the cases. It appears that mature rats have more expressions, but the expression of the groups has no difference in the statics.

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