Chonnam Med J.  2014 Dec;50(3):75-81. 10.4068/cmj.2014.50.3.75.

HDL-Associated Paraoxonase 1 as a Bridge between Postmenopausal Osteoporosis and Cardiovascular Disease

• Eren E
• Ellidag HY
• Aydin O
• Yilmaz N

• KMID: 2172149
• DOI: http://doi.org/10.4068/cmj.2014.50.3.75

Abstract

The association of postmenopausal osteoporosis (PMOP) with both atherosclerosis and vascular/valvular calcification is well known. Recently, ample evidence has suggested a common etiologic factor, namely, reduced HDL-associated paraoxonase 1 (PON1) activity, as a causative factor in the development of PMOP and cardiovascular disease (CVD). This common etiologic factor not only contributes to atherosclerotic diseases but also to PMOP following an almost identical mechanism including dysfunctional HDL and lipid oxidation. According to recent studies, lipid oxidation might improve osteoblastic transformation of vascular cells and obstruct such transformation in bone cells. The primary objective of this current review was to summarize the evidence revealing the role of HDL-associated PON1 enzyme in PMOP. Additionally, the review aimed to address some of the subjects that need further investigation in order to define whether hyperhomocysteinemia and sensitivity to lipid oxidation may be risk factors for PMOP.

Keyword

Osteoporosis; Menopause; Oxidative stress; Atherosclerosis; HDL

MeSH Terms

Aryldialkylphosphatase*
Atherosclerosis
Cardiovascular Diseases*
Female
Humans
Hyperhomocysteinemia
Menopause
Osteoblasts
Osteoporosis
Osteoporosis, Postmenopausal*
Oxidative Stress
Risk Factors
Aryldialkylphosphatase

Figure

• 

  FIG. 1 Binding of RANKL to RANK initiates a sequence of signal transduction pathways mediated though TNF receptor-associated factor 6 (TRAF6), including NF-κB, c-JunN-terminal kinase (JNK)/cJun/fos and nuclear factor of activated T cells (NFAT) that initiate the differentiation of the early osteoclast precursor into a preosteoclast.

• 

  FIG. 2 Oxygen-containing molecules and free radicals, including hydroxyl radical (OH-), superoxide radicals (O2-), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), singlet oxygen, and lipid peroxides

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