Infect Chemother.  2015 Jun;47(2):81-97. 10.3947/ic.2015.47.2.81.

Epidemiology and Characteristics of Metallo-beta-Lactamase-Producing Pseudomonas aeruginosa

Affiliations
  • 1Department of Laboratory Medicine and Research Institute of Bacterial Resistance, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea. kscpjsh@yuhs.ac, dududuck@yuhs.ac
  • 2Department of Dental Hygiene, Silla University, Busan, Korea.
  • 3Department of Biomedical Laboratory Science, College of Health Sciences, Sangji University, Wonju, Korea.

Abstract

Metallo-beta-lactamase-producing Pseudomonas aeruginosa (MPPA) is an important nosocomial pathogen that shows resistance to all beta-lactam antibiotics except monobactams. There are various types of metallo-beta-lactamases (MBLs) in carbapenem-resistant P. aeruginosa including Imipenemase (IMP), Verona integron-encoded metallo-beta-lactamase (VIM), Sao Paulo metallo-beta-lactamase (SPM), Germany imipenemase (GIM), New Delhi metallo-beta-lactamase (NDM), Florence imipenemase (FIM). Each MBL gene is located on specific genetic elements including integrons, transposons, plasmids, or on the chromosome, in which they carry genes encoding determinants of resistance to carbapenems and other antibiotics, conferring multidrug resistance to P. aeruginosa. In addition, these genetic elements are transferable to other Gram-negative species, increasing the antimicrobial resistance rate and complicating the treatment of infected patients. Therefore, it is essential to understand the epidemiology, resistance mechanism, and molecular characteristics of MPPA for infection control and prevention of a possible global health crisis. Here, we highlight the characteristics of MPPA.

Keyword

Metallo-beta-lactamase; Pseudomonas aeruginosa; Carbapenem; Epidemiology; Multidrug resistance

MeSH Terms

Anti-Bacterial Agents
Carbapenems
Drug Resistance, Multiple
Epidemiology*
Germany
Humans
Infection Control
Integrons
Monobactams
Plasmids
Pseudomonas aeruginosa*
Anti-Bacterial Agents
Carbapenems
Monobactams

Figure

  • Figure 1 Geographical distribution of carbapenem-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Most isolates were collected from 2009 to 2011 with the following exceptions: Chile (2005), Kenya (2006 to 2007), and South Africa (2006). The white colored areas indicate that there was no available published data for that region.


Cited by  1 articles

국내 3차 대학병원에서 카바페넴분해효소 생성 장내세균목 검출을 위한 Xpert Carba-R Assay의 평가
Jayho Han, Sung Il Ha, Dong Pil Shin, Young Jong Cha, In Young Yoo, Yeon-Joon Park
Lab Med Online. 2022;12(3):175-182.    doi: 10.47429/lmo.2022.12.3.175.


Reference

1. Fischbach MA, Walsh CT. Antibiotics for emerging pathogens. Science. 2009; 325:1089–1093.
Article
2. McDonald LC, Killgore GE, Thompson A, Owens RC Jr, Kazakova SV, Sambol SP, Johnson S, Gerding DN. An epidemic, toxin gene-variant strain of Clostridium difficile. N Engl J Med. 2005; 353:2433–2441.
Article
3. Dorman SE, Chaisson RE. From magic bullets back to the magic mountain: the rise of extensively drug-resistant tuberculosis. Nat Med. 2007; 13:295–298.
Article
4. Munoz-Price LS, Weinstein RA. Acinetobacter infection. N Engl J Med. 2008; 358:1271–1281.
Article
5. Oliver A, Canton R, Campo P, Baquero F, Blázquez J. High frequency of hypermutable Pseudomonas aeruginosa in cystic fibrosis lung infection. Science. 2000; 288:1251–1254.
Article
6. Lautenbach E, Synnestvedt M, Weiner MG, Bilker WB, Vo L, Schein J, Kim M. Imipenem resistance in Pseudomonas aeruginosa: emergence, epidemiology, and impact on clinical and economic outcomes. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol. 2010; 31:47–53.
Article
7. Garner MJ, Carson C, Lingohr EJ, Fazil A, Edge VL, Trumble Waddell J. An assessment of antimicrobial resistant disease threats in Canada. PLoS One. 2015; 10:e0125155.
Article
8. Rosenthal VD, Bijie H, Maki DG, Mehta Y, Apisarnthanarak A, Medeiros EA, Leblebicioglu H, Fisher D, Álvarez-Moreno C, Khader IA, Del Rocío González Martínez M, Cuellar LE, Navoa-Ng JA, Abouqal R, Guanche Garcell H, Mitrev Z, Pirez García MC, Hamdi A, Dueñas L, Cancel E, Gurskis V, Rasslan O, Ahmed A, Kanj SS, Ugalde OC, Mapp T, Raka L, Yuet Meng C, Thu le TA, Ghazal S, Gikas A, Narváez LP, Mejía N, Hadjieva N, Gamar Elanbya MO, Guzmán Siritt ME, Jayatilleke K. INICC members. International Nosocomial Infection Control Consortium (INICC) report, data summary of 36 countries, for 2004-2009. Am J Infect Control. 2012; 40:396–407.
Article
9. Schneider H, Geginat G, Hogardt M, Kramer A, Dürken M, Schroten H, Tenenbaum T. Pseudomonas aeruginosa outbreak in a pediatric oncology care unit caused by an errant water jet into contaminated siphons. Pediatr Infect Dis J. 2012; 31:648–650.
Article
10. Nagao M, Iinuma Y, Igawa J, Saito T, Yamashita K, Kondo T, Matsushima A, Takakura S, Takaori-Kondo A, Ichiyama S. Control of an outbreak of carbapenem-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa in a haemato-oncology unit. J Hosp Infect. 2011; 79:49–53.
Article
11. Caselli D, Cesaro S, Ziino O, Zanazzo G, Manicone R, Livadiotti S, Cellini M, Frenos S, Milano GM, Cappelli B, Licciardello M, Beretta C, Aricò M, Castagnola E. Infection Study Group of the Associazione Italiana Ematologia Oncologia Pediatrica (AIEOP). Multidrug resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection in children undergoing chemotherapy and hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. Haematologica. 2010; 95:1612–1615.
Article
12. Bergen PJ, Bulitta JB, Forrest A, Tsuji BT, Li J, Nation RL. Pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic investigation of colistin against Pseudomonas aeruginosa using an in vitro model. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2010; 54:3783–3789.
Article
13. Johansen HK, Moskowitz SM, Ciofu O, Pressler T, Høiby N. Spread of colistin resistant non-mucoid Pseudomonas aeruginosa among chronically infected Danish cystic fibrosis patients. J Cyst Fibros. 2008; 7:391–397.
Article
14. Zavascki AP, Carvalhaes CG, Picão RC, Gales AC. Multidrug-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Acinetobacter baumannii: resistance mechanisms and implications for therapy. Expert Rev Anti Infect Ther. 2010; 8:71–93.
Article
15. Queenan AM, Bush K. Carbapenemases: the versatile beta-lactamases. Clin Microbiol Rev. 2007; 20:440–458. table of contents.
16. Kitao T, Tada T, Tanaka M, Narahara K, Shimojima M, Shimada K, Miyoshi-Akiyama T, Kirikae T. Emergence of a novel multidrug-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa strain producing IMP-type metallo-beta-lactamases and AAC(6')-Iae in Japan. Int J Antimicrob Agents. 2012; 39:518–521.
Article
17. Poirel L, Nordmann P, Lagrutta E, Cleary T, Munoz-Price LS. Emergence of KPC-producing Pseudomonas aeruginosa in the United States. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2010; 54:3072.
Article
18. Wang C, Cai P, Chang D, Mi Z. A Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolate producing the GES-5 extended-spectrum beta-lactamase. J Antimicrob Chemother. 2006; 57:1261–1262.
Article
19. Lee K, Lim JB, Yum JH, Yong D, Chong Y, Kim JM, Livermore DM. blaVIM-2 cassette-containing novel integrons in metallo-beta-lactamase-producing Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Pseudomonas putida isolates disseminated in a Korean hospital. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2002; 46:1053–1058.
Article
20. Jovcic B, Lepsanovic Z, Suljagic V, Rackov G, Begovic J, Topisirovic L, Kojic M. Emergence of NDM-1 metallo-beta-lactamase in Pseudomonas aeruginosa clinical isolates from Serbia. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2011; 55:3929–3931.
Article
21. Potron A, Poirel L, Nordmann P. Plasmid-mediated transfer of the blaNDM-1 gene in Gram-negative rods. FEMS Microbiol Lett. 2011; 324:111–116.
Article
22. Yezli S, Shibl AM, Memish ZA. The molecular basis of beta-lactamase production in Gram-negative bacteria from Saudi Arabia. J Med Microbiol. 2015; 64:127–136.
Article
23. Martins AF, Zavascki AP, Gaspareto PB, Barth AL. Dissemination of Pseudomonas aeruginosa producing SPM-1-like and IMP-1-like metallo-beta-lactamases in hospitals from southern Brazil. Infection. 2007; 35:457–460.
Article
24. Sevillano E, Gallego L, García-Lobo JM. First detection of the OXA-40 carbapenemase in P. aeruginosa isolates, located on a plasmid also found in A. baumannii. Pathol Biol (Paris). 2009; 57:493–495.
Article
25. El Garch F, Bogaerts P, Bebrone C, Galleni M, Glupczynski Y. OXA-198, an acquired carbapenem-hydrolyzing class D beta-lactamase from Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2011; 55:4828–4833.
Article
26. Mendes RE, Bell JM, Turnidge JD, Castanheira M, Jones RN. Emergence and widespread dissemination of OXA-23, -24/40 and -58 carbapenemases among Acinetobacter spp. in Asia-Pacific nations: report from the SENTRY Surveillance Program. J Antimicrob Chemother. 2009; 63:55–59.
Article
27. Voor In 't Holt AF, Severin JA, Lesaffre EM, Vos MC. A systematic review and meta-analyses show that carbapenem use and medical devices are the leading risk factors for carbapenem-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2014; 58:2626–2637.
28. Yoneyama H, Nakae T. Mechanism of efficient elimination of protein D2 in outer membrane of imipenem-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 1993; 37:2385–2390.
Article
29. Borgianni L, Prandi S, Salden L, Santella G, Hanson ND, Rossolini GM, Docquier JD. Genetic context and biochemical characterization of the IMP-18 metallo-beta-lactamase identified in a Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolate from the United States. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2011; 55:140–145.
Article
30. Hocquet D, Plésiat P, Dehecq B, Mariotte P, Talon D, Bertrand X. ONERBA. Nationwide investigation of extended-spectrum beta-lactamases, metallo-beta-lactamases, and extended-spectrum oxacillinases produced by ceftazidime-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains in France. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2010; 54:3512–3515.
Article
31. Koh TH, Khoo CT, Tan TT, Arshad MA, Ang LP, Lau LJ, Hsu LY, Ooi EE. Multilocus sequence types of carbapenem-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa in Singapore carrying metallo-beta-lactamase genes, including the novel blaIMP-26 gene. J Clin Microbiol. 2010; 48:2563–2564.
Article
32. Quale J, Bratu S, Gupta J, Landman D. Interplay of efflux system, ampC, and oprD expression in carbapenem resistance of Pseudomonas aeruginosa clinical isolates. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2006; 50:1633–1641.
Article
33. Bradford PA. Extended-spectrum beta-lactamases in the 21st century: characterization, epidemiology, and detection of this important resistance threat. Clin Microbiol Rev. 2001; 14:933–951. table of contents.
Article
34. Jacoby GA, Munoz-Price LS. The new beta-lactamases. N Engl J Med. 2005; 352:380–391.
35. Walsh TR. Clinically significant carbapenemases: an update. Curr Opin Infect Dis. 2008; 21:367–371.
Article
36. Partridge SR, Tsafnat G, Coiera E, Iredell JR. Gene cassettes and cassette arrays in mobile resistance integrons. FEMS Microbiol Rev. 2009; 33:757–784.
Article
37. Edelstein MV, Skleenova EN, Shevchenko OV, D'Souza JW, Tapalski DV, Azizov IS, Sukhorukova MV, Pavlukov RA, Kozlov RS, Toleman MA, Walsh TR. Spread of extensively resistant VIM-2-positive ST235 Pseudomonas aeruginosa in Belarus, Kazakhstan, and Russia: a longitudinal epidemiological and clinical study. Lancet Infect Dis. 2013; 13:867–876.
Article
38. Watanabe M, Iyobe S, Inoue M, Mitsuhashi S. Transferable imipenem resistance in Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 1991; 35:147–151.
Article
39. Lauretti L, Riccio ML, Mazzariol A, Cornaglia G, Amicosante G, Fontana R, Rossolini GM. Cloning and characterization of blaVIM, a new integron-borne metallo-beta-lactamase gene from a Pseudomonas aeruginosa clinical isolate. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 1999; 43:1584–1590.
Article
40. Wachino J, Yoshida H, Yamane K, Suzuki S, Matsui M, Yamagishi T, Tsutsui A, Konda T, Shibayama K, Arakawa Y. SMB-1, a novel subclass B3 metallo-beta-lactamase, associated with ISCR1 and a class 1 integron, from a carbapenem-resistant Serratia marcescens clinical isolate. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2011; 55:5143–5149.
Article
41. El Salabi A, Borra PS, Toleman MA, Samuelsen Ø, Walsh TR. Genetic and biochemical characterization of a novel metallo-beta-lactamase, TMB-1, from an Achromobacter xylosoxidans strain isolated in Tripoli, Libya. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2012; 56:2241–2245.
Article
42. Potron A, Poirel L, Nordmann P. Emerging broad-spectrum resistance in Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Acinetobacter baumannii: Mechanisms and epidemiology. Int J Antimicrob Agents. 2015; 45:568–585.
Article
43. Willmann M, Bezdan D, Zapata L, Susak H, Vogel W, Schröppel K, Liese J, Weidenmaier C, Autenrieth IB, Ossowski S, Peter S. Analysis of a long-term outbreak of XDR Pseudomonas aeruginosa: a molecular epidemiological study. J Antimicrob Chemother. 2015; 70:1322–1330.
Article
44. Walsh TR, Toleman MA, Poirel L, Nordmann P. Metallo-beta-lactamases: the quiet before the storm? Clin Microbiol Rev. 2005; 18:306–325.
45. Nordmann P, Poirel L. Emerging carbapenemases in Gram-negative aerobes. Clin Microbiol Infect. 2002; 8:321–331.
Article
46. Toleman MA, Simm AM, Murphy TA, Gales AC, Biedenbach DJ, Jones RN, Walsh TR. Molecular characterization of SPM-1, a novel metallo-beta-lactamase isolated in Latin America: report from the SENTRY antimicrobial surveillance programme. J Antimicrob Chemother. 2002; 50:673–679.
Article
47. Gales AC, Menezes LC, Silbert S, Sader HS. Dissemination in distinct Brazilian regions of an epidemic carbapenem-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa producing SPM metallo-beta-lactamase. J Antimicrob Chemother. 2003; 52:699–702.
Article
48. Salabi AE, Toleman MA, Weeks J, Bruderer T, Frei R, Walsh TR. First report of the metallo-beta-lactamase SPM-1 in Europe. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2010; 54:582.
Article
49. Jones RN, Biedenbach DJ, Sader HS, Fritsche TR, Toleman MA, Walsh TR. Emerging epidemic of metallo-beta-lactamase-mediated resistances. Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis. 2005; 51:77–84.
50. Toleman MA, Bennett PM, Walsh TR. ISCR elements: novel gene-capturing systems of the 21st century? Microbiol Mol Biol Rev. 2006; 70:296–316.
Article
51. Castanheira M, Toleman MA, Jones RN, Schmidt FJ, Walsh TR. Molecular characterization of a beta-lactamase gene, blaGIM-1, encoding a new subclass of metallo-beta-lactamase. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2004; 48:4654–4661.
Article
52. Wendel AF, Brodner AH, Wydra S, Ressina S, Henrich B, Pfeffer K, Toleman MA, Mackenzie CR. Genetic characterization and emergence of the metallo-beta-lactamase GIM-1 in Pseudomonas spp. and Enterobacteriaceae during a long-term outbreak. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2013; 57:5162–5165.
Article
53. Yong D, Toleman MA, Giske CG, Cho HS, Sundman K, Lee K, Walsh TR. Characterization of a new metallo-beta-lactamase gene, blaNDM-1, and a novel erythromycin esterase gene carried on a unique genetic structure in Klebsiella pneumoniae sequence type 14 from India. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2009; 53:5046–5054.
Article
54. Flateau C, Janvier F, Delacour H, Males S, Ficko C, Andriamanantena D, Jeannot K, Merens A, Rapp C. Recurrent pyelonephritis due to NDM-1 metallo-beta-lactamase producing Pseudomonas aeruginosa in a patient returning from Serbia, France, 2012. Euro Surveill. 2012; 17:pii: 20311.
55. Janvier F, Jeannot K, Tessé S, Robert-Nicoud M, Delacour H, Rapp C, Mérens A. Molecular characterization of blaNDM-1 in a sequence type 235 Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolate from France. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2013; 57:3408–3411.
Article
56. Khajuria A, Praharaj AK, Kumar M, Grover N. Emergence of NDM - 1 in the clinical isolates of Pseudomonas aeruginosa in India. J Clin Diagn Res. 2013; 7:1328–1331.
57. Carattoli A, Fortini D, Galetti R, Garcia-Fernandez A, Nardi G, Orazi D, Capone A, Majolino I, Proia A, Mariani B, Parisi G, Morrone A, Petrosillo N. Isolation of NDM-1-producing Pseudomonas aeruginosa sequence type ST235 from a stem cell transplant patient in Italy, May 2013. Euro Surveill. 2013; 18:pii: 20633.
58. Zafer MM, Amin M, El Mahallawy H, Ashour MS, Al Agamy M. First report of NDM-1-producing Pseudomonas aeruginosa in Egypt. Int J Infect Dis. 2014; 29:80–81.
59. Kulkova N, Babalova M, Sokolova J, Krcmery V. First report of New Delhi metallo-beta-lactamase-1-producing strains in Slovakia. Microb Drug Resist. 2015; 21:117–120.
Article
60. Pollini S, Maradei S, Pecile P, Olivo G, Luzzaro F, Docquier JD, Rossolini GM. FIM-1, a new acquired metallo-beta-lactamase from a Pseudomonas aeruginosa clinical isolate from Italy. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2013; 57:410–416.
Article
61. Yong D, Shin HB, Kim YK, Cho J, Lee WG, Ha GY, Choi TY, Jeong SH, Lee K, Chong Y. KONSAR group. Increase in the prevalence of carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter isolates and ampicillin-resistant non-typhoidal Salmonella species in Korea: A KONSAR study conducted in 2011. Infect Chemother. 2014; 46:84–93.
Article
62. Poirel L, Naas T, Nicolas D, Collet L, Bellais S, Cavallo JD, Nordmann P. Characterization of VIM-2, a carbapenem-hydrolyzing metallo-beta-lactamase and its plasmid- and integron-borne gene from a Pseudomonas aeruginosa clinical isolate in France. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2000; 44:891–897.
Article
63. Lee K, Lee WG, Uh Y, Ha GY, Cho J, Chong Y. Korean Nationwide Surveillance of Antimicrobial Resistance Group. VIM- and IMP-type metallo-beta-lactamase-producing Pseudomonas spp and Acinetobacter spp. in Korean hospitals. Emerg Infect Dis. 2003; 9:868–871.
Article
64. Lee K, Ha GY, Shin BM, Kim JJ, Kang JO, Jang SJ, Yong D, Chong Y. Korean Nationwide Surveillance of Antimicrobial Resistance (KONSAR) group. Metallo-beta-lactamase-producing Gram-negative bacilli in Korean Nationwide Surveillance of Antimicrobial Resistance group hospitals in 2003: continued prevalence of VIM-producing Pseudomonas spp. and increase of IMP-producing Acinetobacter spp. Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis. 2004; 50:51–58.
Article
65. Lee K, Park AJ, Kim MY, Lee HJ, Cho JH, Kang JO, Yong D, Chong Y. KONSAR group. Metallo-beta-lactamase-producing Pseudomonas spp. in Korea: high prevalence of isolates with VIM-2 type and emergence of isolates with IMP-1 type. Yonsei Med J. 2009; 50:335–339.
Article
66. Seok Y, Bae IK, Jeong SH, Kim SH, Lee H, Lee K. Dissemination of IMP-6 metallo-beta-lactamase-producing Pseudomonas aeruginosa sequence type 235 in Korea. J Antimicrob Chemother. 2011; 66:2791–2796.
Article
67. Hong JS, Kim JO, Lee H, Bae IK, Jeong SH, Lee K. Characteristics of metallo-beta-lactamase-producing Pseudomonas aeruginosa in Korea. Infect Chemother. 2015; 47:33–40.
Article
68. Valenza G, Joseph B, Elias J, Claus H, Oesterlein A, Engelhardt K, Turnwald D, Frosch M, Abele-Horn M, Schoen C. First survey of metallo-beta-lactamases in clinical isolates of Pseudomonas aeruginosa in a German university hospital. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2010; 54:3493–3497.
Article
69. Yano H, Kuga A, Okamoto R, Kitasato H, Kobayashi T, Inoue M. Plasmid-encoded metallo-beta-lactamase (IMP-6) conferring resistance to carbapenems, especially meropenem. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2001; 45:1343–1348.
Article
70. Xu J, Duan X, Wu H, Zhou Q. Surveillance and correlation of antimicrobial usage and resistance of Pseudomonas aeruginosa: a hospital population-based study. PLoS One. 2013; 8:e78604.
71. Kakeya H, Yamada K, Nakaie K, Takizawa E, Okada Y, Fujita A, Nakamura Y, Abe J, Hirose A, Kaneko Y, Hino M. A comparison of susceptibility of Pseudomonas aeruginosa clinical isolates to carbapenem antibiotics in our hospital. Jpn J Antibiot. 2014; 67:241–248.
72. Lee HS, Loh YX, Lee JJ, Liu CS, Chu C. Antimicrobial consumption and resistance in five Gram-negative bacterial species in a hospital from 2003 to 2011. J Microbiol ImmunolInfect. 2014; [Epub ahead of print].
Article
73. Kiratisin P, Chongthaleong A, Tan TY, Lagamayo E, Roberts S, Garcia J, Davies T. Comparative in vitro activity of carbapenems against major Gram-negative pathogens: results of Asia-Pacific surveillance from the COMPACT II study. Int J Antimicrob Agents. 2012; 39:311–316.
Article
74. Mendes RE, Mendoza M, Banga Singh KK, Castanheira M, Bell JM, Turnidge JD, Lin SS, Jones RN. Regional resistance surveillance program results for 12 Asia-Pacific nations (2011). Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2013; 57:5721–5726.
Article
75. Farajzadeh Sheikh A, Rostami S, Jolodar A, Tabatabaiefar MA, Khorvash F, Saki A, Shoja S, Sheikhi R. Detection of metallo-beta lactamases among carbapenem-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Jundishapur J Microbiol. 2014; 7:e12289.
76. Castanheira M, Deshpande LM, Costello A, Davies TA, Jones RN. Epidemiology and carbapenem resistance mechanisms of carbapenem-non-susceptible Pseudomonas aeruginosa collected during 2009-11 in 14 European and Mediterranean countries. J Antimicrob Chemother. 2014; 69:1804–1814.
Article
77. Mansour SA, Eldaly O, Jiman-Fatani A, Mohamed ML, Ibrahim EM. Epidemiological characterization of P. aeruginosa isolates of intensive care units in Egypt and Saudi Arabia. East Mediterr Health J. 2013; 19:71–80.
Article
78. Liakopoulos A, Mavroidi A, Katsifas EA, Theodosiou A, Karagouni AD, Miriagou V, Petinaki E. Carbapenemase-producing Pseudomonas aeruginosa from central Greece: molecular epidemiology and genetic analysis of class I integrons. BMC Infect Dis. 2013; 13:505.
79. Sefraoui I, Berrazeg M, Drissi M, Rolain JM. Molecular epidemiology of carbapenem-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa clinical strains isolated from western Algeria between 2009 and 2012. Microb Drug Resist. 2014; 20:156–161.
Article
80. Pitout JD, Revathi G, Chow BL, Kabera B, Kariuki S, Nordmann P, Poirel L. Metallo-beta-lactamase-producing Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolated from a large tertiary centre in Kenya. Clin Microbiol Infect. 2008; 14:755–759.
Article
81. Brink A, Moolman J, da Silva MC, Botha M. National Antibiotic Surveillance Forum. Antimicrobial susceptibility profile of selected bacteraemic pathogens from private institutions in South Africa. S Afr Med J. 2007; 97:273–279.
82. Mataseje LF, Bryce E, Roscoe D, Boyd DA, Embree J, Gravel D, Katz K, Kibsey P, Kuhn M, Mounchili A, Simor A, Taylor G, Thomas E, Turgeon N, Mulvey MR. Canadian Nosocomial Infection Surveillance Program. Carbapenem-resistant Gram-negative bacilli in Canada 2009-10: results from the Canadian Nosocomial Infection Surveillance Program (CNISP). J Antimicrob Chemother. 2012; 67:1359–1367.
Article
83. Morfin-Otero R, Tinoco-Favila JC, Sader HS, Salcido-Gutierrez L, Perez-Gomez HR, Gonzalez-Diaz E, Petersen L, Rodriguez-Noriega E. Resistance trends in gram-negative bacteria: surveillance results from two Mexican hospitals, 2005-2010. BMC Res Notes. 2012; 5:277.
Article
84. Perez F, Hujer AM, Marshall SH, Ray AJ, Rather PN, Suwantarat N, Dumford D 3rd, O'Shea P, Domitrovic TN, Salata RA, Chavda KD, Chen L, Kreiswirth BN, Vila AJ, Haussler S, Jacobs MR, Bonomo RA. Extensively drug-resistant pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates containing blaVIM-2 and elements of Salmonella genomic island 2: a new genetic resistance determinant in Northeast Ohio. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2014; 58:5929–5935.
Article
85. Toval F, Guzmán-Marte A, Madriz V, Somogyi T, Rodríguez C, García F. Predominance of carbapenem-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates carrying blaIMP and blaVIM metallo-beta-lactamases in a major hospital in Costa Rica. J Med Microbiol. 2015; 64:37–43.
Article
86. Labarca JA, Salles MJ, Seas C, Guzmán-Blanco M. Carbapenem resistance in Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Acinetobacter baumannii in the nosocomial setting in Latin America. Crit Rev Microbiol. 2014; [Epub ahead of print].
87. Mano Y, Saga T, Ishii Y, Yoshizumi A, Bonomo RA, Yamaguchi K, Tateda K. Molecular analysis of the integrons of metallo-beta-lactamase-producing Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates collected by nationwide surveillance programs across Japan. BMC Microbiol. 2015; 15:41.
88. Qu TT, Zhang JL, Wang J, Tao J, Yu YS, Chen YG, Zhou JY, Li LJ. Evaluation of phenotypic tests for detection of metallo-beta-lactamase-producing Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains in China. J Clin Microbiol. 2009; 47:1136–1142.
Article
89. Ozgumus OB, Caylan R, Tosun I, Sandalli C, Aydin K, Koksal I. Molecular epidemiology of clinical Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates carrying IMP-1 metallo-beta-lactamase gene in a University Hospital in Turkey. Microb Drug Resist. 2007; 13:191–198.
Article
90. Koh TH, Wang GC, Sng LH. Clonal spread of IMP-1-producing Pseudomonas aeruginosa in two hospitals in Singapore. J Clin Microbiol. 2004; 42:5378–5380.
Article
91. Boonkerd N, Pibalpakdi P, Tiloklurs M, Niumsup PR. Class 1 integron containing metallo beta-lactamase gene blaIMP-1 in carbapenem-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa in Thailand. J Infect Chemother. 2009; 15:257–261.
Article
92. Fallah F, Borhan RS, Hashemi A. Detection of blaIMP and blaVIM metallo-beta-lactamases genes among Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains. Int J Burns Trauma. 2013; 3:122–124.
93. Shibata N, Doi Y, Yamane K, Yagi T, Kurokawa H, Shibayama K, Kato H, Kai K, Arakawa Y. PCR typing of genetic determinants for metallo-beta-lactamases and integrases carried by gram-negative bacteria isolated in Japan, with focus on the class 3 integron. J Clin Microbiol. 2003; 41:5407–5413.
Article
94. Bert F, Vanjak D, Leflon-Guibout V, Mrejen S, Delpierre S, Redondo A, Nicolas-Chanoine MH. IMP-4-producing Pseudomonas aeruginosa in a French patient repatriated from Malaysia: impact of early detection and control measures. Clin Infect Dis. 2007; 44:764–765.
Article
95. Peleg AY, Franklin C, Bell JM, Spelman DW. Dissemination of the metallo-beta-lactamase gene blaIMP-4 among gram-negative pathogens in a clinical setting in Australia. Clin Infect Dis. 2005; 41:1549–1556.
Article
96. Hawkey PM, Xiong J, Ye H, Li H, M'Zali FH. Occurrence of a new metallo-beta-lactamase IMP-4 carried on a conjugative plasmid in Citrobacter youngae from the People's Republic of China. FEMS Microbiol Lett. 2001; 194:53–57.
Article
97. Brízio A, Conceição T, Pimentel M, Da Silva G, Duarte A. High-level expression of IMP-5 carbapenemase owing to point mutation in the -35 promoter region of class 1 integron among Pseudomonas aeruginosa clinical isolates. Int J Antimicrob Agents. 2006; 27:27–31.
Article
98. Ryoo NH, Lee K, Lim JB, Lee YH, Bae IK, Jeong SH. Outbreak by meropenem-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa producing IMP-6 metallo-beta-lactamase in a Korean hospital. Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis. 2009; 63:115–117.
Article
99. Chen Y, Sun M, Wang M, Lu Y, Yan Z. Dissemination of IMP-6-producing Pseudomonas aeruginosa ST244 in multiple cities in China. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis. 2014; 33:1181–1187.
Article
100. Gibb AP, Tribuddharat C, Moore RA, Louie TJ, Krulicki W, Livermore DM, Palepou MF, Woodford N. Nosocomial outbreak of carbapenem-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa with a new blaIMP allele, blaIMP-7. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2002; 46:255–258.
Article
101. Ho SE, Subramaniam G, Palasubramaniam S, Navaratnam P. Carbapenem-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa in malaysia producing IMP-7 beta-lactamase. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2002; 46:3286–3287.
Article
102. Ohlasova D, Kmet V, Niks M. First report of the carbapenem-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa producing IMP-7 metallo-beta-lactamase in Slovakia. Int J Antimicrob Agents. 2007; 30:370–371.
Article
103. Kouda S, Kuwahara R, Ohara M, Shigeta M, Fujiwara T, Komatsuzawa H, Usui T, Sugai M. First isolation of blaIMP-7 in a Pseudomonas aeruginosa in Japan. J Infect Chemother. 2007; 13:276–277.
104. Hrabák J, Fridrichová M, Stolbová M, Bergerová T, Zemlickova H, Urbaskova P. First identification of metallo-beta-lactamase-producing Pseudomonas aeruginosa in the Czech Republic. Euro Surveill. 2009; 14:pii: 19102.
105. Hammerum AM, Jakobsen L, Hansen F, Stegger M, Sørensen LA, Andersen PS, Wang M. Characterisation of an IMP-7-producing ST357 Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolate detected in Denmark using whole genome sequencing. Int J Antimicrob Agents. 2015; 45:200–201.
Article
106. Xiong J, Hynes MF, Ye H, Chen H, Yang Y, M'Zali F, Hawkey PM. blaIMP-9 and its association with large plasmids carried by Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates from the People's Republic of China. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2006; 50:355–358.
Article
107. Lim KT, Yasin RM, Yeo CC, Puthucheary SD, Balan G, Maning N, Wahab ZA, Ismail N, Tan EA, Mustaffa A, Thong KL. Genetic fingerprinting and antimicrobial susceptibility profiles of Pseudomonas aeruginosa hospital isolates in Malaysia. J Microbiol Immunol Infect. 2009; 42:197–209.
108. Iyobe S, Kusadokoro H, Takahashi A, Yomoda S, Okubo T, Nakamura A, O'Hara K. Detection of a variant metallo-beta-lactamase, IMP-10, from two unrelated strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa and an alcaligenes xylosoxidans strain. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2002; 46:2014–2016.
Article
109. Zhao WH, Chen G, Ito R, Hu ZQ. Relevance of resistance levels to carbapenems and integron-borne blaIMP-1, blaIMP-7, blaIMP-10 and blaVIM-2 in clinical isolates of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. J Med Microbiol. 2009; 58:1080–1085.
Article
110. Duljasz W, Gniadkowski M, Sitter S, Wojna A, Jebelean C. First organisms with acquired metallo-beta-lactamases (IMP-13, IMP-22, and VIM-2) reported in Austria. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2009; 53:2221–2222.
Article
111. Pagani L, Colinon C, Migliavacca R, Labonia M, Docquier JD, Nucleo E, Spalla M, Li Bergoli M, Rossolini GM. Nosocomial outbreak caused by multidrug-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa producing IMP-13 metallo-beta-lactamase. J Clin Microbiol. 2005; 43:3824–3828.
Article
112. Fournier D, Jeannot K, Robert-Nicoud M, Muller E, Cholley P, van der Mee-Marquet N, Plésiat P. Spread of the blaIMP-13 gene in French Pseudomonas aeruginosa through sequence types ST621, ST308 and ST111. Int J Antimicrob Agents. 2012; 40:571–573.
Article
113. Naas T, Bogaerts P, Kostyanev T, Cuzon G, Huang TD, Ozsu S, Nordmann P, Glupczynski Y. Silent spread of IMP-13-producing Pseudomonas aeruginosa belonging to sequence type 621 in Belgium. J Antimicrob Chemother. 2011; 66:2178–2179.
Article
114. Piyakul C, Tiyawisutsri R, Boonbumrung K. Emergence of metallo-beta-lactamase IMP-14 and VIM-2 in Pseudomonas aeruginosa clinical isolates from a tertiary-level hospital in Thailand. Epidemiol Infect. 2012; 140:539–541.
Article
115. Quinones-Falconi F, Galicia-Velasco M, Marchiaro P, Mussi MA, Ballerini V, Vila AJ, Viale AM, Bermejo-Morales K, Limansky AS. Emergence of Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains producing metallo-beta-lactamases of the IMP-15 and VIM-2 types in Mexico. Clin Microbiol Infect. 2010; 16:126–131.
Article
116. Gilarranz R, Juan C, Castillo-Vera J, Chamizo FJ, Artiles F, Álamo I, Oliver A. First detection in Europe of the metallo-beta-lactamase IMP-15 in clinical strains of Pseudomonas putida and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Clin Microbiol Infect. 2013; 19:E424–E427.
117. Mendes RE, Toleman MA, Ribeiro J, Sader HS, Jones RN, Walsh TR. Integron carrying a novel metallo-beta-lactamase gene, blaIMP-16, and a fused form of aminoglycoside-resistant gene aac(6')-30/aac(6')-Ib': report from the SENTRY Antimicrobial Surveillance Program. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2004; 48:4693–4702.
Article
118. Hanson ND, Hossain A, Buck L, Moland ES, Thomson KS. First occurrence of a Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolate in the United States producing an IMP metallo-beta-lactamase, IMP-18. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2006; 50:2272–2273.
Article
119. Garza-Ramos U, Tinoco P, Silva-Sanchez J, Morfin-Otero R, Rodriguez-Noriega E, Leon-Garnica G, Sader HS, Jones RN. Metallo-beta-lactamase IMP-18 is located in a class 1 integron (In96) in a clinical isolate of Pseudomonas aeruginosa from Mexico. Int J Antimicrob Agents. 2008; 31:78–80.
Article
120. Wolter DJ, Khalaf N, Robledo IE, Vázquez GJ, Santé MI, Aquino EE, Goering RV, Hanson ND. Surveillance of carbapenem-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates from Puerto Rican Medical Center Hospitals: dissemination of KPC and IMP-18 beta-lactamases. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2009; 53:1660–1664.
Article
121. Pollini S, Antonelli A, Venturelli C, Maradei S, Veggetti A, Bracco S, Rumpianesi F, Luzzaro F, Rossolini GM. Acquisition of plasmid-borne blaIMP-19 gene by a VIM-1-positive Pseudomonas aeruginosa of the sequence type 235 epidemic lineage. J Antimicrob Chemother. 2013; 68:722–724.
Article
122. Pellegrini C, Mercuri PS, Celenza G, Galleni M, Segatore B, Sacchetti E, Volpe R, Amicosante G, Perilli M. Identification of blaIMP-22 in Pseudomonas spp. in urban wastewater and nosocomial environments: biochemical characterization of a new IMP metallo-enzyme variant and its genetic location. J Antimicrob Chemother. 2009; 63:901–908.
Article
123. Kim MJ, Bae IK, Jeong SH, Kim SH, Song JH, Choi JY, Yoon SS, Thamlikitkul V, Hsueh PR, Yasin RM, Lalitha MK, Lee K. Dissemination of metallo-beta-lactamase-producing Pseudomonas aeruginosa of sequence type 235 in Asian countries. J Antimicrob Chemother. 2013; 68:2820–2824.
Article
124. Jeannot K, Poirel L, Robert-Nicoud M, Cholley P, Nordmann P, Plésiat P. IMP-29, a novel IMP-type metallo-beta-lactamase in Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2012; 56:2187–2190.
Article
125. Pegg KM, Liu EM, Lacuran AE, Oelschlaeger P. Biochemical characterization of IMP-30, a metallo-beta-lactamase with enhanced activity toward ceftazidime. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2013; 57:5122–5126.
Article
126. Pfennigwerth N, Geis G, Gatermann SG, Kaase M. Description of IMP-31, a novel metallo-beta-lactamase found in an ST235 Pseudomonas aeruginosa strain in Western Germany. J Antimicrob Chemother. 2015; [Epub ahed of print].
127. Deshpande LM, Davies TA, Blandino G, Nicoletti G, Jones RN, Castanheira M. IMP-33, a New IMP variant detected in Pseudomonas aeruginosa from Sicily. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2013; 57:6401–6403.
Article
128. Pournaras S, Köck R, Mossialos D, Mellmann A, Sakellaris V, Stathopoulos C, Friedrich AW, Tsakris A. Detection of a phylogenetically distinct IMP-type metallo-beta-lactamase, IMP-35, in a CC235 Pseudomonas aeruginosa from the Dutch-German border region (Euregio). J Antimicrob Chemother. 2013; 68:1271–1276.
Article
129. Tada T, Miyoshi-Akiyama T, Shimada K, Shimojima M, Kirikae T. IMP-43 and IMP-44 metallo-beta-lactamases with increased carbapenemase activities in multidrug-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2013; 57:4427–4432.
Article
130. Wang Y, Wang X, Schwarz S, Zhang R, Lei L, Liu X, Lin D, Shen J. IMP-45-producing multidrug-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa of canine origin. J Antimicrob Chemother. 2014; 69:2579–2581.
Article
131. Corvec S, Poirel L, Decousser JW, Allouch PY, Drugeon H, Nordmann P. Emergence of carbapenem-hydrolysing metallo-beta-lactamase VIM-1 in Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates in France. Clin Microbiol Infect. 2006; 12:941–942.
Article
132. Tsakris A, Pournaras S, Woodford N, Palepou MF, Babini GS, Douboyas J, Livermore DM. Outbreak of infections caused by Pseudomonas aeruginosa producing VIM-1 carbapenemase in Greece. J Clin Microbiol. 2000; 38:1290–1292.
Article
133. Mansour W, Poirel L, Bettaieb D, Bouallegue O, Boujaafar N, Nordmann P. Metallo-beta-lactamase-producing Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates in Tunisia. Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis. 2009; 64:458–461.
134. Castanheira M, Bell JM, Turnidge JD, Mathai D, Jones RN. Carbapenem resistance among Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains from India: evidence for nationwide endemicity of multiple metallo-beta-lactamase clones (VIM-2, -5, -6, and -11 and the newly characterized VIM-18). Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2009; 53:1225–1227.
Article
135. Libisch B, Watine J, Balogh B, Gacs M, Muzslay M, Szabó G, Füzi M. Molecular typing indicates an important role for two international clonal complexes in dissemination of VIM-producing Pseudomonas aeruginosa clinical isolates in Hungary. Res Microbiol. 2008; 159:162–168.
Article
136. Khosravi Y, Tee Tay S, Vadivelu J. Metallo-beta-lactamase-producing imipenem-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa clinical isolates in a university teaching hospital in Malaysia: detection of IMP-7 and first identification of IMP-4, VIM-2, and VIM-11. Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis. 2010; 67:294–296.
Article
137. Yatsuyanagi J, Saito S, Harata S, Suzuki N, Ito Y, Amano K, Enomoto K. Class 1 integron containing metallo-beta-lactamase gene blaVIM-2 in Pseudomonas aeruginosa clinical strains isolated in Japan. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2004; 48:626–628.
Article
138. Poirel L, Collet L, Nordmann P. Carbapenem-hydrolyzing metallo-beta-lactamase from a nosocomial isolate of Pseudomonas aeruginosa in France. Emerg Infect Dis. 2000; 6:84–85.
139. Poole K. Overcoming multidrug resistance in gram-negative bacteria. Curr Opin Investig Drugs. 2003; 4:128–139.
140. Pallecchi L, Riccio ML, Docquier JD, Fontana R, Rossolini GM. Molecular heterogeneity of blaVIM-2-containing integrons from Pseudomonas aeruginosa plasmids encoding the VIM-2 metallo-beta-lactamase. FEMS Microbiol Lett. 2001; 195:145–150.
Article
141. Cardoso O, Leitão R, Figueiredo A, Sousa JC, Duarte A, Peixe LV. Metallo-beta-lactamase VIM-2 in clinical isolates of Pseudomonas aeruginosa from Portugal. Microb Drug Resist. 2002; 8:93–97.
Article
142. Prats G, Miro E, Mirelis B, Poirel L, Bellais S, Nordmann P. First isolation of a carbapenem-hydrolyzing beta-lactamase in Pseudomonas aeruginosa in Spain. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2002; 46:932–933.
Article
143. Sardelic S, Pallecchi L, Punda-Polic V, Rossolini GM. Carbapenem-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa-carrying VIM-2 metallo-beta-lactamase determinants, Croatia. Emerg Infect Dis. 2003; 9:1022–1023.
Article
144. Walsh TR, Toleman MA, Hryniewicz W, Bennett PM, Jones RN. Evolution of an integron carrying blaVIM-2 in Eastern Europe: report from the SENTRY Antimicrobial Surveillance Program. J Antimicrob Chemother. 2003; 52:116–119.
Article
145. Zafer MM, Al-Agamy MH, El-Mahallawy HA, Amin MA, El Din Ashour S. Dissemination of VIM-2 producing Pseudomonas aeruginosa ST233 at tertiary care hospitals in Egypt. BMC Infect Dis. 2015; 15:122.
146. Yan JJ, Hsueh PR, Ko WC, Luh KT, Tsai SH, Wu HM, Wu JJ. Metallo-beta-lactamases in clinical Pseudomonas isolates in Taiwan and identification of VIM-3, a novel variant of the VIM-2 enzyme. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2001; 45:2224–2228.
Article
147. Libisch B, Gacs M, Csiszár K, Muzslay M, Rókusz L, Füzi M. Isolation of an integron-borne blaVIM-4 type metallo-beta-lactamase gene from a carbapenem-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa clinical isolate in Hungary. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2004; 48:3576–3578.
Article
148. Castanheira M, Bell JM, Turnidge JD, Mendes RE, Jones RN. Dissemination and genetic context analysis of blaVIM-6 among Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates in Asian-Pacific Nations. Clin Microbiol Infect. 2010; 16:186–189.
Article
149. Toleman MA, Rolston K, Jones RN, Walsh TR. blaVIM-7, an evolutionarily distinct metallo-beta-lactamase gene in a Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolate from the United States. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2004; 48:329–332.
Article
150. Crespo MP, Woodford N, Sinclair A, Kaufmann ME, Turton J, Glover J, Velez JD, Castañeda CR, Recalde M, Livermore DM. Outbreak of carbapenem-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa producing VIM-8, a novel metallo-beta-lactamase, in a tertiary care center in Cali, Colombia. J Clin Microbiol. 2004; 42:5094–5101.
Article
151. Woodford N, Zhang J, Kaufmann ME, Yarde S, Tomas Mdel M, Faris C, Vardhan MS, Dawson S, Cotterill SL, Livermore DM. Detection of Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates producing VEB-type extended-spectrum beta-lactamases in the United Kingdom. J Antimicrob Chemother. 2008; 62:1265–1268.
Article
152. Marchiaro P, Tomatis PE, Mussi MA, Pasteran F, Viale AM, Limansky AS, Vila AJ. Biochemical characterization of metallo-beta-lactamase VIM-11 from a Pseudomonas aeruginosa clinical strain. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2008; 52:2250–2252.
Article
153. Juan C, Beceiro A, Gutiérrez O, Albertí S, Garau M, Pérez JL, Bou G, Oliver A. Characterization of the new metallo-beta-lactamase VIM-13 and its integron-borne gene from a Pseudomonas aeruginosa clinical isolate in Spain. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2008; 52:3589–3596.
Article
154. Mazzariol A, Mammina C, Koncan R, Di Gaetano V, Di Carlo P, Cipolla D, Corsello G, Cornaglia G. A novel VIM-type metallo-beta-lactamase (VIM-14) in a Pseudomonas aeruginosa clinical isolate from a neonatal intensive care unit. Clin Microbiol Infect. 2011; 17:722–724.
Article
155. Schneider I, Keuleyan E, Rasshofer R, Markovska R, Queenan AM, Bauernfeind A. VIM-15 and VIM-16, two new VIM-2-like metallo-beta-lactamases in Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates from Bulgaria and Germany. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2008; 52:2977–2979.
Article
156. Siarkou VI, Vitti D, Protonotariou E, Ikonomidis A, Sofianou D. Molecular epidemiology of outbreak-related Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains carrying the novel variant blaVIM-17 metallo-beta-lactamase gene. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2009; 53:1325–1330.
Article
157. Riera E, Cabot G, Mulet X, García-Castillo M, del Campo R, Juan C, Cantón R, Oliver A. Pseudomonas aeruginosa carbapenem resistance mechanisms in Spain: impact on the activity of imipenem, meropenem and doripenem. J Antimicrob Chemother. 2011; 66:2022–2027.
Article
158. El-Mahdy TS. Identification of a novel metallo-beta-lactamase VIM-28 located within unusual arrangement of class 1 integron structure in Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates from Egypt. Jpn J Infect Dis. 2014; 67:382–384.
Article
159. Iraz M, Duzgun AO, Cicek AC, Bonnin RA, Ceylan A, Saral A, Nordmann P, Sandalli C. Characterization of novel VIM carbapenemase, VIM-38, and first detection of GES-5 carbapenem-hydrolyzing beta-lactamases in Pseudomonas aeruginosa in Turkey. Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis. 2014; 78:292–294.
Article
160. Poirel L, Magalhaes M, Lopes M, Nordmann P. Molecular analysis of metallo-beta-lactamase gene blaSPM-1-surrounding sequences from disseminated Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates in Recife, Brazil. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2004; 48:1406–1409.
Article
Full Text Links
  • IC
Actions
Cited
CITED
export Copy
Close
Share
  • Twitter
  • Facebook
Similar articles
Copyright © 2024 by Korean Association of Medical Journal Editors. All rights reserved.     E-mail: koreamed@kamje.or.kr