J Periodontal Implant Sci.  2013 Aug;43(4):147-152. 10.5051/jpis.2013.43.4.147.

Development of animal experimental periodontitis models

• Do MJ
• Kim K
• Lee H
• Cha S
• Seo T
• Park HJ
• Lee JS
• Kim TI

• KMID: 2027809
• DOI: http://doi.org/10.5051/jpis.2013.43.4.147

Abstract

PURPOSE
An animal periodontitis model is essential for research on the pathogenesis and treatment of periodontal disease. In this study, we have introduced a lipopolysaccharide (LPS) of a periodontal pathogen to the alveolar bone defect of experimental animals and investigated its suitability as a periodontitis model.
METHODS
Alveolar bone defects were made in both sides of the mandibular third premolar region of nine beagle dogs. Then, the animals were divided into the following groups: silk ligature tied on the cervical region of tooth group, Porphyromonas gingivalis LPS (P.g. LPS)-saturated collagen with silk ligature group, and no ligature or P.g. LPS application group as the control. The plaque index and gingival index were measured at 0 and 4 weeks postoperatively. The animals were then euthanized and prepared for histologic evaluation.
RESULTS
The silk ligature group and P.g. LPS with silk ligature group showed a significantly higher plaque index at 4 weeks compared to the control (P<0.05). No significant difference was found in the plaque index between the silk ligature group and P.g. LPS with silk ligature group. The P.g. LPS with silk ligature group showed a significantly higher gingival index compared to the silk ligature group or the control at 4 weeks (P<0.05). Histologic examination presented increased inflammatory cell infiltration in the gingival tissue and alveolar bone of the P.g. LPS with silk ligature group.
CONCLUSIONS
An additional P.g. LPS-saturated collagen with silk ligature ensured periodontal inflammation at 4 weeks. Therefore, P.g. LPS with silk ligature application to surgically created alveolar bone defects may be a candidate model for experimental periodontitis.

Keyword

Animal models; Lipopolysaccharides; Periodontitis; Porphyromonas gingivalis

MeSH Terms

Animal Experimentation
Animals
Bicuspid
Collagen
Dogs
Inflammation
Ligation
Lipopolysaccharides
Models, Animal
Periodontal Diseases
Periodontal Index
Periodontitis
Porphyromonas gingivalis
Silk
Tooth
Collagen
Lipopolysaccharides
Silk

Figure

• 

  Figure 1 Plaque index for each group. There were no significant differences in any of the groups at baseline (week 0). After 4 weeks, the silk ligature group (Ligature) and silk ligature with Porphyromonas gingivalis lipopolysaccharide (P.g. LPS) group (Ligature+LPS) showed marked differences compared to the control (P<0.05). There were no significant differences between the silk ligature with P.g. LPS group and silk ligature group. Different asterisks indicate statistically significant differences. Data are presented as mean±standard error.

• 

  Figure 2 Gingival index for each group. There were no significant differences among the groups at week 0. After 4 weeks, the silk ligature with Porphyromonas gingivalis lipopolysaccharide (LPS) group (Ligature+LPS) showed significant differences compared to the other groups (P<0.05). There were also significant differences between the silk ligature group (Ligature) and the control. Different asterisks indicate statistically significant differences. Data are presented as mean±standard error.

• 

  Figure 3 Histologic views of each group (H&E, bar=1 mm). (A) The control group showed minimal attachment loss and very little inflammation infiltration. (B) The silk ligature group showed mild gingival inflammation. (C) The Porphyromonas gingivalis lipopolysaccharide with silk ligature group showed severe inflammatory cell infiltration.

• 

  Figure 4 Alveolar bone images of each group (H&E, bar=100 µm). (A) There was no sign of inflammation in the control. (B) The silk ligature group showed reduced inflammation. (C) The Porphyromonas gingivalis lipopolysaccharide with silk ligature group showed a severe inflammatory cell presence in the alveolar bone tissue.

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