J Korean Acad Prosthodont.  2010 Jan;48(1):16-27. 10.4047/jkap.2010.48.1.16.

Effect of platelet-rich plasma on bone regeneration in ovariectomized osteoporotic rats

• Cho JM
• Kang JK
• Suh KW
• Ryu JJ

• KMID: 2000317
• DOI: http://doi.org/10.4047/jkap.2010.48.1.16

Abstract

PURPOSE
The aim of this experimental study is to observe the effect of platelet-rich plasma (PRP) on early bone regeneration of rats both in normal condition and in osteoporosis induced by ovariectomy. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Total 40 Sprague-Dawley female rats were divided into 4 groups. A 8-mm-diameter calvarial critical-sized defect (CSD) was made by drilling with trephine at the center of calvaria in cranium of every rat. Every CSD was augmented with an osteoconductive synthetic alloplastic substitute (MBCP(TM)) and PRP as follows. Group A; 10 non-ovariectomized rats grafted with only MBCP(TM). Group B; 10 non-ovariectomized rats grafted with MBCP(TM)and PRP. Group C; 10 ovariectomized rats grafted with only MBCP(TM). Group D; 10 ovariectomized rats grafted with MBCP(TM) and PRP. At 4 weeks after graft, every rat was sacrificed. And histomorphometric analysis was performed by measuring calcified area of new bone formation within the CSD.
RESULTS
Comparing four groups, results were obtained as follows. 1. In non-ovariectomized groups, PRP showed a positive effect somewhat but not significant (P > .05). 2. In ovariectomized groups, PRP showed a positive effect significantly (P < .05). 3. In PRP untreated groups, ovariectomy diminished bone regeneration significantly (P < .05). 4. In PRP treated groups, ovariectomy diminished bone regeneration somewhat but not significant (P >.05).
CONCLUSION
Within the limitation of this study, it can be concluded that PRP in combination with an osteoconductive synthetic alloplastic substitute has an effect on bone regeneration more significantly in ovariectomized osteoporotic rats than in normal rats.

Keyword

Bone regeneration; Critical-sized defect (CSD); Osteoporosis; Ovariectomy; Platelet-rich plasma (PRP)

MeSH Terms

Animals
Bone Regeneration
Female
Humans
Mandrillus
Osteogenesis
Osteoporosis
Ovariectomy
Platelet-Rich Plasma
Rats
Skull
Transplants

Figure

• 

  Fig. 1. Surgical procedure of ovariec-Etomy (OVX). A, Detecting the small flower-like shaped ovary and taking it out after abdominal incision; B, Tight-suturing gently at the blood vessel to ovary; C, Excision of ovary and around tissue with scissors at the point between ovary and tight-sutured point; D, OVX accomplished in both right and left side; E, Surgically removed ovary and around fatty tissue.

• 

  Fig. 2. Surgical procedure of bone graft. A, Trephine drilling under saline irrigation; B, Careful removal of 8-mm-diameter calvarial bone; C, A prepared calvarial critical-sized defect (CSD); D, A CSD filled with synthetic alloplastic substitute.

• 

  Fig. 3. Whole blood sample 5 ml in A and centrifuging separator (PLACONTM: Platelet Concentrator, Oscotec Inc., Cheonan, Korea) in B.

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  Fig. 4. Bone sampling after sacrifice. Cutting carefully the calvarial bone more widely than outline (arrowheads) of a critical-sized defect.

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  Fig. 5. Measuring the calcified area of new bone formation. Yellow lines represent outlines of newly calcified bone after bone graft which was stained in reddish color between the non-structural synthetic alloplastic substitute (MBCPTM) particles. Green words represent serial numbers of yellow lines.

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  Fig. 6. Comparison of serum alkaline phosphatase (ALP) level between normal and ovariectomized groups (OVX). Thick solid lines indicate standard deviation. ∗∗ means significant difference at P < .05 statistically.

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  Fig. 7. Light-microscopic view. A, Calcified area of new bone (arrowheads) mainly around outlines of synthetic alloplastic substitute particles and host calvarial bone (asterisk) at 100× magnification; B, Osteoblasts (arrowheads) lining in a row at 200× magnification; C, Multinucleated cells (arrowheads) on the surface of a synthetic alloplastic substitute particle and newly forming blood vessel (asterisk) at 400× magnification.

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  Fig. 8. Light-microscopic view of calcified area of new bone formation in each group at 100× magnification. In group C, calcified area which was stained in reddish color is relatively smaller than that of other three groups.

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  Fig. 9. Comparison of new bone formation area. OVX; Ovariectomized group, PRP; PRP treated group. Thick solid lines indicate standard deviation. ∗∗means significant difference at P < .05 statistically.

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  Fig. 10. Comparison of new bone formation area between group C and group D. In ovariectomized (osteoporotic) groups (OVX), platelet-rich plasma showed a positive effect on bone regeneration significantly. PRP; PRP treated group. Thick solid lines indicate standard deviation. ∗∗means significant difference at P < .05 statistically.

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  Fig. 11. Comparison of new bone formation area between group B and group D. In PRP treated groups (PRP), ovariectomy diminished bone regeneration somewhat. However, statistically it is not significant (P > .05). OVX; Ovariectomized group. Thick solid lines indicate standard deviation.

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