Clin Exp Vaccine Res.  2015 Jul;4(2):159-165. 10.7774/cevr.2015.4.2.159.

Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus vaccine does not fit in classical vaccinology

• Lyoo YS

• KMID: 1965400
• DOI: http://doi.org/10.7774/cevr.2015.4.2.159

Abstract

All vaccines are developed to elicit an effective immune response in vaccinated animals such as innate, humoral and cell mediated response to protect animal health. Quality and intensity of the immune responses are differing by characteristics of the vaccine formulation and nature of the infectious agent. Modified live virus vaccines showed advantages over killed vaccines in terms of rapid immune response, duration of the immunity and better cell mediated protection mechanism. The porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) is relatively newly emerging (1986 in United States, 1990 in Europe) viral pathogen in pigs and tremendous effort has been made to protect pigs from this economically devastating disease such as developing killed, modified live, recombinant protein based and DNA vaccines. However, only cell culture attenuated virus vaccine is practiced with arguably limited efficacy. The PRRSV vaccine did not clear virus from infected pigs nor prevent re-infection of the virus. The vaccine showed very limited innate immune response, low anamnestic immune response and negligible cell mediated immune response. Despite of the current developed scientific technology, there still remain many questions to solve a most important pig disease worldwide.

Keyword

Immunity; Porcine respiratory and reproductive syndrome virus; Vaccines

MeSH Terms

Animals
Cell Culture Techniques
Immunity, Innate
Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome*
Porcine respiratory and reproductive syndrome virus*
Swine
United States
Vaccines
Vaccines, DNA
Vaccines, Inactivated
Vaccines
Vaccines, DNA
Vaccines, Inactivated

Figure

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  Fig. 1 Relationship between pig mortality and antibody avidity to porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) was investigated in pig farms. Mortality of over 15%, 10%-15%, 5%-10%, and less than 5% were grouped and avidity of the antibody to PRRSV was determined. Reproduced from Seo and Sunwoo (2012), Proceeding of the 22nd International Pig Veterinary Society Congress [7].

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  Fig. 2 The porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) infection and repertoire of the immune response in the virus infected pigs. Reproduced from Lopez and Osorio (2004), Elsevier, Veterinary Immunology and Immunopathology [11]. ELISA, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay; IFN-γ, interferon γ.

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  Fig. 3 Antibody maturation leads virus clearance in the vaccinated pigs after challenge. Pigs were vaccinated and virus in the blood and avidity of the antibody specific to porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) was monitored. Reproduced from Seo and Sunwoo (2012), Proceeding of the 22nd International Pig Veterinary Society Congress [7].

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