J Bacteriol Virol.  2007 Sep;37(3):161-167. 10.4167/jbv.2007.37.3.161.

Neutralizing Antibody Induction and Cytotoxic T Lymphocyte Response to Nakayama-NIH and Beijing-1 as Japanese Encephalitis Virus Vaccine Strains

• Cho YJ
• Jung SY
• Kim YJ
• Kim DS
• Kim YB
• Joo YR
• Jung YW
• Hur SJ
• Nam JH

• KMID: 1513571
• DOI: http://doi.org/10.4167/jbv.2007.37.3.161

Abstract

The Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV), a member of the Flaviviridae family and Flavivirus genus, is transmitted by mosquitoes. JEV, of which some 35,000 cases are recorded every year, is a positive RNA virus. Two types of JEV vaccines have been developed to prevent the onset of encephalitis in humans, namely formalin-inactivated and liveattenuated vaccines. JEV inactivated vaccines are usually made using the Nakayama-NIH or Beijing-1 strains of the JEV virus. In this study, the immunological response to the Nakayama-NIH and Beijing-1 strains was analyzed as part of the effort to compile basic data which could lead to the selection of a suitable vaccine strain. To this end, the virus titer of Beijing-1 was found to be two-fold higher than that of Nakayama-NIH by plaque assay. Moreover, Beijing-1-induced neutralizing antibodies showed a higher level of titers when confronted by Korean JEV isolates than Nakayama-NIH-induced neutralizing antibodies (1:320 vs. 1:160, respectively). However, as a minimum ratio of 1:10 neutralizing antibody titers are required to protect against JEV infection, both strains in effect exhibited a sufficient level of neutralizing antibody titers. What's more, Beijing-1 was found to induce a somewhat higher cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) response than Nakayama-NIH. Taken together, this can be taken to mean that Beijing-1 may in fact be a more effective vaccine candidate strain when it comes to inducing a high level of protective immunity against JEV infection.

Keyword

Japanese encephalitis virus vaccine; Nakayama-NIH; Beijing-1

MeSH Terms

Antibodies, Neutralizing*
Asian Continental Ancestry Group*
Culicidae
Encephalitis
Encephalitis Virus, Japanese*
Encephalitis, Japanese*
Flaviviridae
Flavivirus
Humans
Lymphocytes*
RNA Viruses
Vaccines
Vaccines, Inactivated
Viral Load
Antibodies, Neutralizing
Vaccines
Vaccines, Inactivated

Figure

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  Figure 1. The viral titer of Nakayama-NIH, Beijing-1 and JaGAr in VERO cells at 24 hours after infection. The results shown are the averages of three independent assays, with error bars representing the standard deviations.

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  Figure 2. The antibodies induced by Nakayama-NIH, Beijing-1 and JaGAr. (A) The neutralizing antibody titer to each JEV. (B) The indirect immunofluorecent analysis to detect JEV antibodies.

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  Figure 3. The cross-reacting neutralizing activities of anti-Nakayama-NIH and anti-Beijing-1 polyclonal antibodies from immunized mouse to each JEV and Korean isolates, K87P39 and K2001.

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  Figure 4. The cytotoxic T lymphocyte response of splenocytes from immunized with Nakayama-NIH and Beijing-1 strains. The results shown are the averages of three independent assays, with error bars representing the standard deviations.

Reference

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