Exp Mol Med.  2012 Sep;44(9):521-528.

Staurosporine and cytochalasin D induce chondrogenesis by regulation of actin dynamics in different way

• Kim M
• Song K
• Jin EJ
• Sonn J

Abstract

Actin cytoskeleton has been known to control and/or be associated with chondrogenesis. Staurosporine and cytochalasin D modulate actin cytoskeleton and affect chondrogenesis. However, the underlying mechanisms for actin dynamics regulation by these agents are not known well. In the present study, we investigate the effect of staurosporine and cytochalasin D on the actin dynamics as well as possible regulatory mechanisms of actin cytoskeleton modulation. Staurosporine and cytochalasin D have different effects on actin stress fibers in that staurosporine dissolved actin stress fibers while cytochalasin D disrupted them in both stress forming cells and stress fiber-formed cells. Increase in the G-/F-actin ratio either by dissolution or disruption of actin stress fiber is critical for the chondrogenic differentiation. Cytochalasin D reduced the phosphorylation of cofilin, whereas staurosporine showed little effect on cofilin phosphorylation. Either staurosporine or cytochalasin D had little effect on the phosphorylation of myosin light chain. These results suggest that staurosporine and cytochalasin D employ different mechanisms for the regulation of actin dynamics and provide evidence that removal of actin stress fibers is crucial for the chondrogenic differentiation.

Keyword

actin cytoskeleton; chondrogenesis; cytochalasin D; actins; myosin light chains; staurosporine

MeSH Terms

Actin Cytoskeleton/*drug effects
Actins/metabolism
Animals
Cell Differentiation/*drug effects
Cells, Cultured
Chickens
Chondrogenesis/*drug effects
Cytochalasin D/*pharmacology
Mesoderm/cytology/drug effects
Myosin Light Chains/metabolism
Nucleic Acid Synthesis Inhibitors/*pharmacology
Phosphorylation
Staurosporine/*pharmacology
Stress Fibers/drug effects