J Vet Sci.  2010 Sep;11(3):177-183. 10.4142/jvs.2010.11.3.177.

Distribution and characterization of IL-10-secreting cells in lymphoid tissues of PCV2-infected pigs

• Doster AR
• Subramaniam S
• Yhee JY
• Kwon BJ
• Yu CH
• Kwon SY
• Osorio FA
• Sur JH

• KMID: 1093490
• DOI: http://doi.org/10.4142/jvs.2010.11.3.177

Abstract

Distribution and characterization of interlukin-10 (IL-10)-secreting cells in lymphoid tissues of pigs naturally infected with porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) were evaluated in accordance with PCV2 antigen detection. After screening a total of 56 pigs showing the symptoms of postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome (PMWS), 15 pigs were PCV2 positive and 5 pigs, which showed stronger positive signals over multiples tissues were further investigated. This study showed that in PCV2-infected lymphoid tissues, particularly mandibular lymph node, spleen and tonsil, IL-10 expression was mainly localized in T-cell rich areas but rarely in B cell rich areas. IL-10 was highly expressed in bystander cells but rarely in PCV2-infected cells. Elevated IL-10 expression was predominantly associated with T cells, but rarely with B cells or with macrophages. The results of this study provide evidence for the role of IL-10 in chronic PCV2 infection and its relation to PCV2 antigen in affected tissues. Constantly elevated levels of IL-10 lead to immunosuppression in persistent and chronic viral infections. The increased IL-10 expression observed in PCV2 infection in this study suggests that IL-10-mediated immunosuppression may play an important role in the pathogenesis and maintenance of naturally occurring PCV2 infection.

Keyword

B-cells; immunohistochemistry; interlukin-10; porcine circovirus type 2; T-cells

MeSH Terms

Animals
Circoviridae Infections/immunology/pathology/*veterinary
Circovirus/*immunology
Gene Expression Regulation/*immunology
Immunohistochemistry/veterinary
Interleukin-10/immunology/*secretion
Lymphoid Tissue/immunology/*pathology/secretion
Porcine Postweaning Multisystemic Wasting Syndrome/*immunology/pathology
Republic of Korea
Swine
T-Lymphocytes/immunology

Figure

• 

  Fig. 1 Immunohistochemical results showing expression of interukin (IL)-10 (A-C), CD3 (D), CD79a (E), and PCV2 antigens (F) in mandibular lymph nodes, spleen, and tonsil. (A) Mandibular lymph node; cytoplasmic staining of IL-10 antigens in marginal zone of lymphatic nodule. Scale bar = 140 µm. (B) Spleen; strong cytoplasmic staining of IL-10 antigen in splenic nodule. Scale bar = 56 µm. Inset: Higher magnification of IL-10 expression. (C) Tonsil; cytoplasmic staining of IL-10 antigen in and around tonsilar crypt. Scale bar = 56 µm. (D) Mandibular lymph node; strong immunohistochemical reaction to swine CD3, Scale bar = 140 µm. (E) Mandibular lymph node; strong immunohistochemical reaction to human CD79a. Scale bar = 140 µm. (F) Mandibular lymph node; presence of PCV2 antigen in the cytoplasm of macrophages and syncytial cells (arrows). Scale bar = 56 µm. GC: germinal center, PCN; paracortical nodule, RP: red pulp. (A), (B), (C) and (F) Alkaline phosphatase (red color) and hematoxylin stain. (D) and (E) Horse radish peroxidase (brown color) and hematoxylin stain.

• 

  Fig. 2 Double-labeling immunohistochemistry reaction to IL-10, CD3, CD79a, and PCV2 of mandibular lymph node and spleen. A: Mandibular lymph node; positive reaction of IL-10 and CD3 expression in the marginal zone. Scale bar = 140 µm. Inset: Higher magnification of marginal zone for IL-10 and CD3. (B) Spleen; strong positive reaction of IL-10 and CD3 expression in the marginal zone and red pulp. Scale bar = 140 µm. Inset: Higher magnification of marginal zone for IL-10 and CD3. (C) Mandibular lymph node; positive reaction of IL-10 expression in the marginal zone and CD79a in the germinal center. Scale bar = 140 µm. Inset: Higher magnification of marginal zone for IL-10 and CD79a. (D) Mandibular lymph node; positive reaction of both IL-10 and PCV2 antigens in marginal zone. Scale bar = 56 µm. GC: germinal center; PCN: paracortical nodule; RP: red pulp. (A), (B) and (C) Alkaline phosphatase (red color for IL-10), horse radish peroxidase (brown color for CD3) and hematoxylin stain. (D) Alkaline phosphatase (red color for PCV2), horse radish peroxidase (brown color for IL-10) and hematoxylin stain.

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