1. Barroso-Sousa R, Barry WT, Garrido-Castro AC, Hodi FS, Min L, Krop IE, et al. Incidence of endocrine dysfunction following the use of different immune checkpoint inhibitor regimens: a systematic review and meta-analysis. JAMA Oncol. 2018; 4:173–82.
Article
2. Husebye ES, Castinetti F, Criseno S, Curigliano G, Decallonne B, Fleseriu M, et al. Endocrine-related adverse conditions in patients receiving immune checkpoint inhibition: an ESE clinical practice guideline. Eur J Endocrinol. 2022; 187:G1–21.
Article
3. Yoon JH, Hong AR, Kim HK, Kang HC. Characteristics of immune-related thyroid adverse events in patients treated with PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors. Endocrinol Metab (Seoul). 2021; 36:413–23.
Article
4. Pardoll DM. The blockade of immune checkpoints in cancer immunotherapy. Nat Rev Cancer. 2012; 12:252–64.
Article
5. Stelmachowska-Banas M, Czajka-Oraniec I. Management of endocrine immune-related adverse events of immune checkpoint inhibitors: an updated review. Endocr Connect. 2020; 9:R207–28.
6. Chang LS, Barroso-Sousa R, Tolaney SM, Hodi FS, Kaiser UB, Min L. Endocrine toxicity of cancer immunotherapy targeting immune checkpoints. Endocr Rev. 2019; 40:17–65.
Article
7. Wang DY, Salem JE, Cohen JV, Chandra S, Menzer C, Ye F, et al. Fatal toxic effects associated with immune checkpoint inhibitors: a systematic review and meta-analysis. JAMA Oncol. 2018; 4:1721–8.
Article
8. Wright JJ, Powers AC, Johnson DB. Endocrine toxicities of immune checkpoint inhibitors. Nat Rev Endocrinol. 2021; 17:389–99.
Article
9. Gonzalez-Rodriguez E, Rodriguez-Abreu D; Spanish Group for Cancer Immuno-Biotherapy (GETICA). Immune checkpoint inhibitors: review and management of endocrine adverse events. Oncologist. 2016; 21:804–16.
Article
10. Delivanis DA, Gustafson MP, Bornschlegl S, Merten MM, Kottschade L, Withers S, et al. Pembrolizumab-induced thyroiditis: comprehensive clinical review and insights into underlying involved mechanisms. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2017; 102:2770–80.
Article
11. Dillard T, Yedinak CG, Alumkal J, Fleseriu M. Anti-CTLA-4 antibody therapy associated autoimmune hypophysitis: serious immune related adverse events across a spectrum of cancer subtypes. Pituitary. 2010; 13:29–38.
Article
12. Eggermont AM, Chiarion-Sileni V, Grob JJ, Dummer R, Wolchok JD, Schmidt H, et al. Adjuvant ipilimumab versus placebo after complete resection of high-risk stage III melanoma (EORTC 18071): a randomised, double-blind, phase 3 trial. Lancet Oncol. 2015; 16:522–30.
Article
13. Hersh EM, O’Day SJ, Powderly J, Khan KD, Pavlick AC, Cranmer LD, et al. A phase II multicenter study of ipilimumab with or without dacarbazine in chemotherapy-naive patients with advanced melanoma. Invest New Drugs. 2011; 29:489–98.
Article
14. Robert C, Ribas A, Wolchok JD, Hodi FS, Hamid O, Kefford R, et al. Anti-programmed-death-receptor-1 treatment with pembrolizumab in ipilimumab-refractory advanced melanoma: a randomised dose-comparison cohort of a phase 1 trial. Lancet. 2014; 384:1109–17.
Article
15. Topalian SL, Sznol M, McDermott DF, Kluger HM, Carvajal RD, Sharfman WH, et al. Survival, durable tumor remission, and long-term safety in patients with advanced melanoma receiving nivolumab. J Clin Oncol. 2014; 32:1020–30.
Article
16. Bai X, Chen X, Wu X, Huang Y, Zhuang Y, Lin X. Immune checkpoint inhibitor-associated thyroid dysfunction: a disproportionality analysis using the WHO Adverse Drug Reaction Database, VigiBase. Eur J Endocrinol. 2020; 182:1–9.
Article
17. Ricciuti B, Genova C, De Giglio A, Bassanelli M, Dal Bello MG, Metro G, et al. Impact of immune-related adverse events on survival in patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer treated with nivolumab: long-term outcomes from a multi-institutional analysis. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol. 2019; 145:479–85.
Article
18. Zhao Z, Wang X, Qu J, Zuo W, Tang Y, Zhu H, et al. Immune-related adverse events associated with outcomes in patients with NSCLC treated with anti-PD-1 inhibitors: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Front Oncol. 2021; 11:708195.
Article
19. Pinato DJ, Marron TU, Mishra-Kalyani PS, Gong Y, Wei G, Szafron D, et al. Treatment-related toxicity and improved outcome from immunotherapy in hepatocellular cancer: evidence from an FDA pooled analysis of landmark clinical trials with validation from routine practice. Eur J Cancer. 2021; 157:140–52.
Article
20. Paschou SA, Liontos M, Eleftherakis-Papaiakovou E, Stefanaki K, Markellos C, Koutsoukos K, et al. Oncological patients with endocrine complications after immunotherapy with checkpoint inhibitors present longer progression-free and overall survival. Front Oncol. 2022; 12:847917.
Article
21. Kotwal A, Kottschade L, Ryder M. PD-L1 inhibitor-induced thyroiditis is associated with better overall survival in cancer patients. Thyroid. 2020; 30:177–84.
Article
22. Ryder M, Callahan M, Postow MA, Wolchok J, Fagin JA. Endocrine-related adverse events following ipilimumab in patients with advanced melanoma: a comprehensive retrospective review from a single institution. Endocr Relat Cancer. 2014; 21:371–81.
Article
23. Bertrand A, Kostine M, Barnetche T, Truchetet ME, Schaeverbeke T. Immune related adverse events associated with anti-CTLA-4 antibodies: systematic review and meta-analysis. BMC Med. 2015; 13:211.
Article
24. Byun DJ, Wolchok JD, Rosenberg LM, Girotra M. Cancer immunotherapy: immune checkpoint blockade and associated endocrinopathies. Nat Rev Endocrinol. 2017; 13:195–207.
Article
25. Iwama S, De Remigis A, Callahan MK, Slovin SF, Wolchok JD, Caturegli P. Pituitary expression of CTLA-4 mediates hypophysitis secondary to administration of CTLA-4 blocking antibody. Sci Transl Med. 2014; 6:230ra45.
Article
26. Tan MH, Iyengar R, Mizokami-Stout K, Yentz S, MacEachern MP, Shen LY, et al. Spectrum of immune checkpoint inhibitors-induced endocrinopathies in cancer patients: a scoping review of case reports. Clin Diabetes Endocrinol. 2019; 5:1.
Article
27. Caturegli P, Di Dalmazi G, Lombardi M, Grosso F, Larman HB, Larman T, et al. Hypophysitis secondary to cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated protein 4 blockade: insights into pathogenesis from an autopsy series. Am J Pathol. 2016; 186:3225–35.
28. Zhao C, Tella SH, Del Rivero J, Kommalapati A, Ebenuwa I, Gulley J, et al. Anti-PD-L1 treatment induced central diabetes insipidus. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2018; 103:365–9.
Article
29. Albarel F, Gaudy C, Castinetti F, Carre T, Morange I, ConteDevolx B, et al. Long-term follow-up of ipilimumab-induced hypophysitis, a common adverse event of the antiCTLA-4 antibody in melanoma. Eur J Endocrinol. 2015; 172:195–204.
Article
30. Fleseriu M, Hashim IA, Karavitaki N, Melmed S, Murad MH, Salvatori R, et al. Hormonal replacement in hypopituitarism in adults: an endocrine society clinical practice guideline. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2016; 101:3888–921.
Article
31. Raff H, Sharma ST, Nieman LK. Physiological basis for the etiology, diagnosis, and treatment of adrenal disorders: Cushing’s syndrome, adrenal insufficiency, and congenital adrenal hyperplasia. Compr Physiol. 2014; 4:739–69.
Article
32. Oelkers W. Hyponatremia and inappropriate secretion of vasopressin (antidiuretic hormone) in patients with hypopituitarism. N Engl J Med. 1989; 321:492–6.
Article
33. Faje AT, Sullivan R, Lawrence D, Tritos NA, Fadden R, Klibanski A, et al. Ipilimumab-induced hypophysitis: a detailed longitudinal analysis in a large cohort of patients with metastatic melanoma. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2014; 99:4078–85.
Article
34. Jonklaas J, Bianco AC, Bauer AJ, Burman KD, Cappola AR, Celi FS, et al. Guidelines for the treatment of hypothyroidism: prepared by the American Thyroid Association Task Force on thyroid hormone replacement. Thyroid. 2014; 24:1670–751.
Article
35. Bhasin S, Brito JP, Cunningham GR, Hayes FJ, Hodis HN, Matsumoto AM, et al. Testosterone therapy in men with hypogonadism: an Endocrine Society Clinical Practice Guideline. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2018; 103:1715–44.
Article
36. Molitch ME, Clemmons DR, Malozowski S, Merriam GR, Shalet SM, Vance ML, et al. Evaluation and treatment of adult growth hormone deficiency: an Endocrine Society Clinical Practice Guideline. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2006; 91:1621–34.
Article
37. Kim JH, Chae HW, Chin SO, Ku CR, Park KH, Lim DJ, et al. Diagnosis and treatment of growth hormone deficiency: a position statement from Korean Endocrine Society and Korean Society of Pediatric Endocrinology. Endocrinol Metab (Seoul). 2020; 35:272–87.
Article
38. Higham CE, Olsson-Brown A, Carroll P, Cooksley T, Larkin J, Lorigan P, et al. Society for Endocrinology Endocrine Emergency Guidance: acute management of the endocrine complications of checkpoint inhibitor therapy. Endocr Connect. 2018; 7:G1–7.
Article
39. Min L, Hodi FS, Giobbie-Hurder A, Ott PA, Luke JJ, Donahue H, et al. Systemic high-dose corticosteroid treatment does not improve the outcome of ipilimumab-related hypophysitis: a retrospective cohort study. Clin Cancer Res. 2015; 21:749–55.
Article
41. Arlt W. The approach to the adult with newly diagnosed adrenal insufficiency. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2009; 94:1059–67.
Article
42. Osman IA, Leslie P. Addison’s disease: adrenal insufficiency should be excluded before thyroxine replacement is started. BMJ. 1996; 313:427.
43. Murray JS, Jayarajasingh R, Perros P. Lesson of the week: deterioration of symptoms after start of thyroid hormone replacement. BMJ. 2001; 323:332–3.
Article
44. Stuenkel CA, Davis SR, Gompel A, Lumsden MA, Murad MH, Pinkerton JV, et al. Treatment of symptoms of the menopause: an Endocrine Society Clinical Practice Guideline. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2015; 100:3975–4011.
Article
45. Scott ES, Long GV, Guminski A, Clifton-Bligh RJ, Menzies AM, Tsang VH. The spectrum, incidence, kinetics and management of endocrinopathies with immune checkpoint inhibitors for metastatic melanoma. Eur J Endocrinol. 2018; 178:173–80.
Article
46. Morganstein DL, Lai Z, Spain L, Diem S, Levine D, Mace C, et al. Thyroid abnormalities following the use of cytotoxic T-lymphocyte antigen-4 and programmed death receptor protein-1 inhibitors in the treatment of melanoma. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf). 2017; 86:614–20.
Article
47. Lee H, Hodi FS, Giobbie-Hurder A, Ott PA, Buchbinder EI, Haq R, et al. Characterization of thyroid disorders in patients receiving immune checkpoint inhibition therapy. Cancer Immunol Res. 2017; 5:1133–40.
Article
48. Azmat U, Liebner D, Joehlin-Price A, Agrawal A, Nabhan F. Treatment of ipilimumab induced Graves’ disease in a patient with metastatic melanoma. Case Rep Endocrinol. 2016; 2016:2087525.
Article
49. Gan EH, Mitchell AL, Plummer R, Pearce S, Perros P. Tremelimumab-induced Graves hyperthyroidism. Eur Thyroid J. 2017; 6:167–70.
Article
50. Brahmer JR, Lacchetti C, Schneider BJ, Atkins MB, Brassil KJ, Caterino JM, et al. Management of immune-related adverse events in patients treated with immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy: American Society of Clinical Oncology Clinical Practice Guideline. J Clin Oncol. 2018; 36:1714–68.
Article
51. Castinetti F, Albarel F, Archambeaud F, Bertherat J, Bouillet B, Buffier P, et al. French Endocrine Society Guidance on endocrine side effects of immunotherapy. Endocr Relat Cancer. 2019; 26:G1–18.
52. Girotra M, Hansen A, Farooki A, Byun DJ, Min L, Creelan BC, et al. The current understanding of the endocrine effects from immune checkpoint inhibitors and recommendations for management. JNCI Cancer Spectr. 2018; 2:pky021.
Article
53. Brancatella A, Viola N, Brogioni S, Montanelli L, Sardella C, Vitti P, et al. Graves’ disease induced by immune checkpoint inhibitors: a case report and review of the literature. Eur Thyroid J. 2019; 8:192–5.
Article
54. Iyer PC, Cabanillas ME, Waguespack SG, Hu MI, Thosani S, Lavis VR, et al. Immune-related thyroiditis with immune checkpoint inhibitors. Thyroid. 2018; 28:1243–51.
Article
55. Ma C, Hodi FS, Giobbie-Hurder A, Wang X, Zhou J, Zhang A, et al. The impact of high-dose glucocorticoids on the outcome of immune-checkpoint inhibitor-related thyroid disorders. Cancer Immunol Res. 2019; 7:1214–20.
56. Yu CW, Yau M, Mezey N, Joarder I, Micieli JA. Neuro-ophthalmic complications of immune checkpoint inhibitors: a systematic review. Eye Brain. 2020; 12:139–67.
57. de Filette J, Andreescu CE, Cools F, Bravenboer B, Velkeniers B. A systematic review and meta-analysis of endocrine-related adverse events associated with immune checkpoint inhibitors. Horm Metab Res. 2019; 51:145–56.
58. Lu D, Yao J, Yuan G, Gao Y, Zhang J, Guo X. Immune checkpoint inhibitor-associated new-onset primary adrenal insufficiency: a retrospective analysis using the FAERS. J Endocrinol Invest. 2022; 45:2131–7.
Article
59. Bornstein SR, Allolio B, Arlt W, Barthel A, Don-Wauchope A, Hammer GD, et al. Diagnosis and treatment of primary adrenal insufficiency: an Endocrine Society Clinical Practice Guideline. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2016; 101:364–89.
60. Paepegaey AC, Lheure C, Ratour C, Lethielleux G, Clerc J, Bertherat J, et al. Polyendocrinopathy resulting from pembrolizumab in a patient with a malignant melanoma. J Endocr Soc. 2017; 1:646–9.