Investig Clin Urol.  2022 Mar;63(2):168-174. 10.4111/icu.20210407.

Neoadjuvant chemotherapy with gemcitabine and cisplatin followed by selective bladder preservation chemoradiotherapy in muscle-invasive urothelial carcinoma of bladder

Affiliations
  • 1Department of Urology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
  • 2Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
  • 3Department of Internal Medicine, Gyeongsang National University Changwon Hospital, Changwon, Korea
  • 4Department of Radiology and Center for Imaging Sciences, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
  • 5Department of Pathology and Translational Genomics, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
  • 6Department of Radiation Oncology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea

Abstract

Purpose
To assess the safety and efficacy of gemcitabine and cisplatin as neoadjuvant chemotherapy followed by selective bladder preservation chemoradiotherapy in muscle-invasive bladder cancer (MIBC).
Materials and Methods
Patients with clinical T2-T4aN0M0 MIBC eligible for radical cystectomy and cisplatin-based chemotherapy were treated with gemcitabine 1,000 mg/m2 on days 1, 8 and 15, and cisplatin 70 mg/m2 on day 1 every 28 days for 3 cycles. After clinical re-staging with computed tomography scans and cystoscopy, patients with clinical complete response (CR) were eligible to proceed without cystectomy and receive bladder preservation chemoradiotherapy involving weekly cisplatin 10 mg/m2 and up to 70.2 Gy of radiation. The primary endpoint of the present prospective phase II study was metastasis-free survival (MFS).
Results
Between Oct 2017 and Nov 2019, a total of 138 MIBC patients were enrolled and treated with neoadjuvant gemcitabine/ cisplatin. Neoadjuvant chemotherapy was well-tolerated, with fatigue, nausea, and pruritus being the most commonly observed adverse events. After completion of planned neoadjuvant chemotherapy, 54 patients with a clinical CR and 10 patients who did not have CR but refused surgery received bladder preservation chemoradiotherapy. With a median follow-up duration of 34 months (95% confidence interval [CI], 32%–36%), the 3-year MFS rate in 64 chemoradiotherapy patients was calculated to be 70% (95% CI, 58%–82%).
Conclusions
Neoadjuvant chemotherapy followed by selective bladder preservation chemoradiotherapy based on the clinical CR was feasible and efficacious in the treatment of MIBC.

Keyword

Bladder cancer; Concurrent chemoradiotherapy; Neoadjuvant chemotherapy
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