J Prev Med Public Health.
2021 Jan;54(1):37-45. 10.3961/jpmph.20.310.
Associations Between Thyroid Hormone Levels and Urinary Concentrations of Bisphenol A, F, and S in 6-Year-old Children in Korea
- Affiliations
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- 1Department of Preventive Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- 2Environmental Health Center, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- 3Institute of Environmental Medicine, Seoul National University Medical Research Center, Seoul, Korea
- 4Section of Environmental Health, Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- 5Division of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- 6Department of Pediatrics, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- 7Department of Psychiatry, Hanyang University Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
- KMID: 2512328
- DOI: http://doi.org/10.3961/jpmph.20.310
Abstract
Objectives
Bisphenol A (BPA) is used in the electrical, mechanical, medical, and food industries. Previous studies have suggested that BPA is an endocrine disruptor. Regulation of BPA has led to increased use of bisphenol F (BPF) and bisphenol S (BPS). However, few studies have investigated the associations of BPF and BPS with thyroid dysfunction in children. Our study investigated the associations of prenatal BPA and early childhood BPA, BPF, and BPS exposure with thyroid function in 6-year-old children.
Methods
Prenatal BPA concentrations were measured during the second trimester of pregnancy in an established prospective birth cohort. We measured urinary BPA, BPF, and BPS concentrations and thyroid hormone levels (thyroid-stimulating hormone, total T3, and free T4) in 6-year-old children (n=574). We examined the associations between urinary bisphenol concentrations and percentage change of thyroid hormone concentrations using multivariate linear regression. We also compared thyroid hormone levels by dividing the cohort according to BPA, BPF, and BPS concentrations.
Results
The associations between prenatal BPA and total T3 levels were statistically significant in all models, except for girls when using a crude model. The associations between urinary BPA and BPS concentrations and levels of all thyroid hormones were not statistically significant. However, we observed that lower free T4 levels (-1.94%; 95% confidence interval, -3.82 to -0.03) were associated with higher urinary BPF concentrations in girls only.
Conclusions
Our findings identified significant associations between prenatal BPA exposure and total T3 levels in all children and between BPF exposure and free T4 levels in girls only.
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