J Rhinol.  2020 May;27(1):1-7. 10.18787/jr.2020.00312.

Application of Stem Cell-Derived Extracellular Vesicles in Allergic Airway Diseases

• Kim SD
• Cho KS

• KMID: 2502787
• DOI: http://doi.org/10.18787/jr.2020.00312

Abstract

Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have been reported to be promising candidates for the treatment of allergic airway diseases. However, MSCs themselves have several problems including immune rejection, risk of aneuploidy, difficulty of handling, and tumorigenicity. An increasing number of studies demonstrated that administration of conditioned media or extracellular vesicles (EVs) released by MSCs is as effective as the MSCs themselves in suppression of allergic airway inflammation. EVs can exert their effects by delivering their contents such as proteins, mRNAs, and microRNAs to recipient cells. Furthermore, the administration of MSCs-derived EVs may reduce potential safety risks associated with stem cell therapy, suggesting that MSCs-derived EVs may be a promising alternative to cell therapy for allergic airway diseases. This review examines the current understanding of the immunomodulatory properties of MSCs-derived EVs and its therapeutic implication for allergic airway diseases.

Keyword

Mesenchymal stem cells; Extracellular vesicles; Allergic rhinitis; Asthma; Immunosuppression; 중간엽줄기세포; 세포외 소포체; 알레르기 비염; 천식; 면역 억제

Figure

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  Fig. 1. Size ranges of extracellular vesicles. Adapted from Gyorgy B, et al. Cell Mol Life Sci 2011;68:2667-88 [28].

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  Fig. 2. Release of exosomes and microvesicles. CCV: clathrincoated vesicles, ER: endoplasmic reticulum, MVE: multivesicular endosome. Adapted from Raposo G, et al. J Cell Biol 2013;200:373-83 [30].

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  Fig. 3. Protein and RNA transfer by extracellular vesicles. MVE: multivesicular endosome. Adapted from Raposo G, et al. J Cell Biol 2013;200:373-83 [30].

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  Fig. 4. Schematic presentation of possible immunomodulatory mechanisms of adipose-derived stem cells (ASCs) in allergic airway inflammation. AHR: airway hyperresponsiveness, AR: allergic rhinitis, IDO: indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase, IFN-γ: interferon-γ, Ig: immunoglobulin, IL: interleukin, PGE2: prostaglandin E2, TGF-β: transforming growth factor-β, Tregs, regulatory T cells. Adapted from Cho KS, et al. Mediators Inflamm 2014;2014:436476 [25].

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