Clin Exp Reprod Med.  2019 Dec;46(4):173-177. 10.5653/cerm.2019.00290.

Misuse of testosterone replacement therapy in men in infertile couples and its influence on infertility treatment

• Song SH
• Sung S
• Her YS
• Oh M
• Shin DH
• Lee J
• Baek J
• Lee WS
• Kim DS

• KMID: 2469593
• DOI: http://doi.org/10.5653/cerm.2019.00290

Abstract

OBJECTIVE
We investigated the clinical characteristics of men with testosterone replacement therapy (TRT)-induced hypogonadism and its effect on assisted reproductive technology (ART) in infertile couples.
METHODS
This study examined the records of 20 consecutive male patients diagnosed with azoospermia or severe oligozoospermia (<5×10⁶/mL) who visited a single infertility center from January 2008 to July 2018. All patients were treated at a primary clinic for erectile dysfunction or androgen deficiency symptoms combined with low serum testosterone. All men received a phosphodiesterase 5 inhibitor and TRT with testosterone undecanoate (Nebido®) or testosterone enanthate (Jenasteron®). Patients older than 50 years or with a chronic medical disease such as diabetes were excluded.
RESULTS
The mean age of patients was 37 years and the mean duration of infertility was 16.3±11.6 months. At the initial presentation, eight patients had azoospermia, nine had cryptozoospermia, and three had severe oligozoospermia. Serum follicle-stimulating hormone levels were below 1.0 mIU/mL in most patients. Three ongoing ART programs with female factor infertility were cancelled due to male spermatogenic dysfunction; two of these men had normal semen parameters in the previous cycle. After withholding TRT, serum hormone levels and sperm concentrations returned to normal range after a median duration of 8 months.
CONCLUSION
TRT with high-dose testosterone can cause spermatogenic dysfunction due to suppression of the hypothalamic-pituitary-testicular axis, with adverse effects on infertility treatment programs. TRT is therefore contraindicated for infertile couples attempting to conceive, and the patient's desire for fertility must be considered before initiation of TRT in a hypogonadal man.

Keyword

Azoospermia; Hypogonadism; Male infertility; Testosterone

MeSH Terms

Azoospermia
Cyclic Nucleotide Phosphodiesterases, Type 5
Erectile Dysfunction
Family Characteristics*
Female
Fertility
Follicle Stimulating Hormone
Humans
Hypogonadism
Infertility*
Infertility, Male
Male
Oligospermia
Reference Values
Reproductive Techniques, Assisted
Semen
Spermatozoa
Testosterone*
Cyclic Nucleotide Phosphodiesterases, Type 5
Follicle Stimulating Hormone
Testosterone