J Nutr Health.  2019 Dec;52(6):569-580. 10.4163/jnh.2019.52.6.569.

Association of Korean fermented cabbage kimchi consumption with an incidence of metabolic syndrome: 10-year follow-up results of the Korean Genome and Epidemiology Study

• Seo SH
• Hong J
• Son IH
• Han YH
• Hyun T

• KMID: 2466671
• DOI: http://doi.org/10.4163/jnh.2019.52.6.569

Abstract

PURPOSE
This study examined the associations of Korean fermented cabbage kimchi consumption with the incidence risk of metabolic syndrome and its components in Korean adults.
METHODS
We used the community-based cohort data from the 2001 ~ 2012 Korean Genome and Epidemiology Study (KoGES). General characteristics, food group frequencies and nutrient intakes at baseline from 3,560 healthy individuals aged 40 ~ 69 years and the incidence of metabolic syndrome and its component from 2,259 participants, after excluding the data with incomplete anthropometric and blood test, during 10-year follow-up were analyzed. The participants were classified into three groups according to their daily consumption frequency of Korean fermented cabbage kimchi: "˜less than once (< 1/day)', "˜once or twice (1 ~ 2/day)', and "˜three times (3/day)'.
RESULTS
After controlling for potential confounders such as age, education, income, residence area, alcohol drinking and energy intake, the consumption frequencies of rice and legumes were significantly higher, and the consumption frequency of meat was significantly lower in the 3/day group compared to that of the other two groups in men and women. The average intakes of energy and most nutrients, except fat and cholesterol, were higher in the 3/day group compared to those of the other two groups in men and women. Frequent consumption of kimchi was associated with a lower incidence of metabolic syndrome in all the models (unadjusted, age-adjusted, and multivariable-adjusted models) in women. When examining the multivariable-adjusted model, the hazard ratio for metabolic syndrome was 0.63 (95% CI: 0.47 ~ 0.86) for the 3/day group compared to that of the < 1/day group in women. However, there was no significant association between kimchi consumption and the incidence of metabolic syndrome in men.
CONCLUSION
Our results show that consumption of kimchi at every meal was significantly associated with a lower incidence of metabolic syndrome in women.

Keyword

metabolic syndrome; incidence; longitudinal studies; food; nutrients

MeSH Terms

Adult
Alcohol Drinking
Brassica*
Cholesterol
Cohort Studies
Education
Energy Intake
Epidemiology*
Fabaceae
Female
Follow-Up Studies*
Genome*
Hematologic Tests
Humans
Incidence*
Longitudinal Studies
Male
Meals
Meat
Cholesterol

Figure

• 

  Fig. 1 Flowchart of participant selection for analysis.

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