Nat Prod Sci.  2019 Sep;25(3):255-260. 10.20307/nps.2019.25.3.255.

Anti-oxidative Effect of Piperine from Piper nigrum L. in Caenorhabditis elegans

• Park HM
• Kim JH
• Kim DK

• KMID: 2459969
• DOI: http://doi.org/10.20307/nps.2019.25.3.255

Abstract

Piper nigrum L. (Piperaceae), which is a well-known food seasoning, has been used as a traditional medicine for the treatment of vomiting, abdominal pain, diarrhea and anorexia in Korea, China and Japan. Methanol extract from the fruit of P. nigrum was successively partitioned as n-hexane, methylene chloride, ethyl acetate, n-butanol and Hâ‚‚O soluble fractions. Among those fractions the ethyl acetate soluble fraction showed the most potent DPPH radical scavenging activity, and piperine was isolated from the ethyl acetate fraction. To know the antioxidant activity of piperine, we tested the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase together with oxidative stress tolerance and intracellular ROS level in Caenorhabditis elegans. To investigate whether piperine-mediated increased stress tolerance was due to regulation of stress-response gene, we quantified SOD-3 expression using transgenic strain including CF1553. Consequently, piperine enhanced SOD and catalase activities of C. elegans, and reduced intracellular ROS accumulation in a dose-dependent manner. Moreover, piperine-treated CF1553 worms exhibited significantly higher SOD-3::GFP intensity.

Keyword

Piperine; Piper nigrum L.; Caenorhabditis elegans; Antioxidant activity

MeSH Terms

1-Butanol
Abdominal Pain
Anorexia
Caenorhabditis elegans*
Caenorhabditis*
Catalase
China
Diarrhea
Fruit
Japan
Korea
Medicine, Traditional
Methanol
Methylene Chloride
Oxidative Stress
Piper nigrum*
Piper*
Seasons
Superoxide Dismutase
Vomiting
1-Butanol
Catalase
Methanol
Methylene Chloride
Superoxide Dismutase

Figure

• 

  Fig. 1 Structure of piperine.

• 

  Fig. 2 DPPH radical scavenging effects of the MeOH extract and its subsequent fractions from Piper nigrum L.

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  Fig. 3 Oxidative stress tolerance of piperine was determined after the nematodes were transferred to 96-well plates containing 1 mM juglone. Statistical differences between the curves were analyzed by the log-rank test. 4-HBA (4-hydroxybenzoic acid): positive control.

• 

  Fig. 4 Effects of piperine on the antioxidant enzyme activity of wild type N2 nematodes. (A) SOD activity was shown as a percentage of superoxide scavenged per control. (B) Catalase activity was expressed as a percentage of decrease in residual H2O2 measured by a spectrophotometric method. Differences compared with the control were considered significant at *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, and ***p < 0.001 by the one-way ANOVA. 4-HBA (4-hydroxybenzoic acid): positive control.

• 

  Fig. 5 Effects of piperine on the intracellular ROS levels of wild-type N2 nematodes. Intracellular ROS accumulation was examined in a microplate fluorescence reader at 535 nm (emission) and 485 nm (excitation). (A) Plates were read for 120 min. (B) The average percentages of intracellular ROS accumulation were presented. Differences compared with the control were considered significant at *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, and ***p < 0.001 by the one-way ANOVA. 4-HBA (4-hydroxybenzoic acid): positive control.

• 

  Fig. 6 Effects of piperine on the expression of SOD-3 (CF1553) was determined using transgenic nematodes. (A) Images of SOD-3::GFP expressions of CF1553 nematodes in the presence or absence of piperine. (B) The mean GFP-expressing intensity of CF1553 mutants was expressed as mean ± S.E.M. of values from 90 worms per each experiment. Data are expressed as the mean ± standard deviation of three independent experiments (N=3). Differences compared with the control were considered significant at *p < 0.05 and **p < 0.01 by one-way ANOVA. 4-HBA (4-hydroxybenzoic acid): positive control.

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