Nutr Res Pract.  2019 Aug;13(4):323-332. 10.4162/nrp.2019.13.4.323.

Contribution of foods to absolute nutrient intake and between-person variations of nutrient intake in Korean preschoolers

• Kang M
• Shim JE
• Kwon K
• Song S

• KMID: 2453111
• DOI: http://doi.org/10.4162/nrp.2019.13.4.323

Abstract

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES
The aim of this study was to analyze specific foods influencing absolute nutrient intake and between-person variations of nutrient intake among Korean preschoolers.
SUBJECTS/METHODS
This study included 2,766 participants aged 1-5 years in the 2009-2013 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys. Dietary data were obtained from a 24-h dietary recall method. Major food sources of absolute nutrient intake were evaluated based on percent contribution of each food. To assess the contribution of specific foods to between-person variations in nutrient intake, stepwise multiple regressions were performed and cumulative R2 was used.
RESULTS
White rice and milk were main food sources of energy, protein, carbohydrate, phosphorus, iron, potassium, thiamin, riboflavin, and niacin. The percentage of fat contributed by milk was 21.3% which was the highest, followed by pork, soybean oil, and egg. White rice accounted for 25% and 40% of total variability in total energy and carbohydrate intakes, respectively. About 39% of variation in calcium intake was explained by milk while 40% of variation in phosphorous intake was explained by cheese. The top 10 foods contributing to between-person variations in nutrient intakes were similar with food items that mainly contributed to absolute nutrient intakes. The number of foods explaining 90% of absolute amounts of nutrient intakes varied from 28 for vitamin A to 80 for iron.
CONCLUSIONS
This study identified specific foods that contributed to absolute nutrient intakes and between-person variations in nutrient intakes among Korean preschoolers. Our findings can be used to develop dietary assessment tools and establish food-based dietary guidelines for young children.

Keyword

Child; preschool; diet; nutritional status; nutrition assessment

MeSH Terms

Calcium
Cheese
Child
Diet
Humans
Iron
Korea
Methods
Milk
Niacin
Nutrition Assessment
Nutrition Policy
Nutritional Status
Ovum
Phosphorus
Potassium
Red Meat
Riboflavin
Soybean Oil
Vitamin A
Calcium
Iron
Niacin
Phosphorus
Potassium
Riboflavin
Soybean Oil
Vitamin A

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