Yonsei Med J.  2015 May;56(3):772-777. 10.3349/ymj.2015.56.3.772.

Effect of a Sleep Aid in Analgesia after Arthroscopic Rotator Cuff Repair

• Cho CH
• Lee SW
• Lee YK
• Shin HK
• Hwang I

• KMID: 2450352
• DOI: http://doi.org/10.3349/ymj.2015.56.3.772

Abstract

PURPOSE
The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects and safety of a sleep aid for postoperative analgesia in patients undergoing arthroscopic rotator cuff repair.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Seventy-eight patients were prospectively assigned to either the zolpidem group (multimodal analgesia+zolpidem; 39 patients) or the control group (multimodal analgesia; 39 patients). Self-rated pain levels were assessed twice a day using a visual analog scale (VAS). The need for additional rescue analgesic, duration of functional recovery, and adverse effects were assessed for the first 5 days after surgery.
RESULTS
The mean number of times that additional rescue analgesic was required during 5 days after surgery was 2.1+/-2.0 in the zolpidem group and 3.3+/-2.8 in the control group, a significant difference. There were no significant differences between the two groups in mean VAS pain scores during the first 5 days after surgery, although the zolpidem group had lower VAS pain scores than the control group. Additionally, there were no significant differences in duration of functional recovery and adverse effects between the two groups.
CONCLUSION
The use of zolpidem for analgesia after arthroscopic rotator cuff repair provided a significant reduction in the need for rescue analgesic without increasing adverse effects. Nevertheless, mean VAS pain scores during the first 5 days after surgery did not differ between the zolpidem group and the control group.

Keyword

Rotator cuff; arthroscopic repair; postoperative analgesia; sleep aid; zolpidem

MeSH Terms

Adult
Analgesia/*methods
Analgesics/*therapeutic use
Arthroscopy/*adverse effects
Female
Humans
Hypnotics and Sedatives/*therapeutic use
Male
Middle Aged
Pain Management
Pain Measurement
Pain, Postoperative/drug therapy/etiology/*prevention & control
Postoperative Period
Prospective Studies
Pyridines/*therapeutic use
Rotator Cuff/injuries/*surgery
Sleep/drug effects
Treatment Outcome
Visual Analog Scale
Analgesics
Hypnotics and Sedatives
Pyridines

Figure

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  Fig. 1 Mean visual analog scale (VAS) pain scores measured before surgery, immediately after surgery (at 3 and 10 hours), and on days 1 to 5 after surgery (at 6 AM and 6 PM). There were no significant differences between the two groups in VAS pain scores for the first 5 days after surgery, although the zolpidem group had lower VAS pain scores than the control group. POD, postoperative day.

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