J Korean Acad Nurs.  2019 Apr;49(2):149-160. 10.4040/jkan.2019.49.2.149.

The Effects of Oral Cryotherapy on Oral Mucositis, Reactive Oxygen Series, Inflammatory Cytokines, and Oral Comfort in Gynecologic Cancer Patients Undergoing Chemotherapy: A Randomized Controlled Trial

• Shin N
• Kang Y

• KMID: 2444830
• DOI: http://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2019.49.2.149

Abstract

PURPOSE
The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of oral cryotherapy on oral mucositis, reactive oxygen series, inflammatory cytokines, and oral comfort in patients undergoing chemotherapy for gynecologic cancers.
METHODS
Participants were randomly assigned to the experimental group (n=25, receiving oral cryotherapy during chemotherapy) and the control group (n=25, receiving the usual care consisting of 0.9% normal saline gargles three times before meals). Oral mucositis was assessed using the oral assessment guide, while oral comfort was assessed using the oral perception guide. Reactive oxygen series was measured as total oxidant stress, and the level of two inflammatory markers, interleukin-6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), were examined. The data were analyzed using t-test, chi-square test, Fisher's exact test, Mann-Whitney U-test, and repeated measures analysis of variance.
RESULTS
There was a significant difference in the oral mucositis score, reactive oxygen series score, TNF-α level, and oral comfort score between the two groups, and there were significant changes over time and in the group-by-time interactions. There was a significant difference in the IL-6 score between the two groups, but there were no significant changes over time or in the group-by-time interactions.
CONCLUSION
The study results revealed that oral cryotherapy was more effective than the usual care regime of normal saline gargles for reducing oral mucositis, reactive oxygen series, and inflammatory cytokines and for improving oral comfort in gynecologic cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy.

Keyword

Cytokines; Cryotherapy; Drug Therapy; Mucositis

MeSH Terms

Cryotherapy*
Cytokines*
Drug Therapy*
Humans
Interleukin-6
Mucositis
Oxygen*
Stomatitis*
Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha
Cytokines
Interleukin-6
Oxygen
Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha

Figure

• 

  Figure 1 (A) Conceptual framework of the study. (B) Process contents of oral cryotherapy.

• 

  Figure 2 Flow diagram of the process through the phase of a randomized trial (based on CONSORT statement).

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