Biomol Ther.  2019 Feb;27(2):152-159. 10.4062/biomolther.2018.089.

Neuroprotective Effects of 6-Shogaol and Its Metabolite, 6-Paradol, in a Mouse Model of Multiple Sclerosis

• Sapkota A
• Park SJ
• Choi JW

• KMID: 2442006
• DOI: http://doi.org/10.4062/biomolther.2018.089

Abstract

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an autoimmune disease characterized by progressive neuronal loss, neuroinflammation, axonal degeneration, and demyelination. Previous studies have reported that 6-shogaol, a major constituent of ginger (Zingiber officinale rhizome), and its biological metabolite, 6-paradol, have anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidative properties in the central nervous system (CNS). In the present study, we investigated whether 6-shogaol and 6-paradol could ameliorate against experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), a mouse model of MS elicited by myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG35-55) peptide immunization with injection of pertussis toxin. Once-daily administration of 6-shogaol and 6-paradol (5 mg/kg/day, p.o.) to symptomatic EAE mice significantly alleviated clinical signs of the disease along with remyelination and reduced cell accumulation in the white matter of spinal cord. Administration of 6-shogaol and 6-paradol into EAE mice markedly reduced astrogliosis and microglial activation as key features of immune responses inside the CNS. Furthermore, administration of these two molecules significantly suppressed expression level of tumor necrosis factor-α, a major proinflammatory cytokine, in EAE spinal cord. Collectively, these results demonstrate therapeutic efficacy of 6-shogaol or 6-paradol for EAE by reducing neuroinflammatory responses, further indicating the therapeutic potential of these two active ingredients of ginger for MS.

Keyword

Multiple sclerosis; Experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis; 6-Shogaol; 6-Paradol; Astrogliosis; Microglia

MeSH Terms

Animals
Autoimmune Diseases
Axons
Central Nervous System
Demyelinating Diseases
Encephalomyelitis, Autoimmune, Experimental
Ginger
Immunization
Mice*
Microglia
Multiple Sclerosis*
Myelin-Oligodendrocyte Glycoprotein
Necrosis
Neurons
Neuroprotective Agents*
Pertussis Toxin
Spinal Cord
White Matter
Myelin-Oligodendrocyte Glycoprotein
Neuroprotective Agents
Pertussis Toxin