Anat Cell Biol.  2018 Dec;51(Suppl 1):S1-S12. 10.5115/acb.2018.51.S1.S1.

Histomorphometric study of rabbit's maxillary sinus augmentation with various graft materials

• Sohn DS
• Moon YS

• KMID: 2431626
• DOI: http://doi.org/10.5115/acb.2018.51.S1.S1

Abstract

The purpose of this animal study is to evaluate, by histomorphometric analysis, bone regeneration in rabbit's maxillary sinuses with blood clots alone, Bio-Oss, β-tricalcium phosphate (β-TCP), and demineralized tooth dentin (DTD) grafting. Bilateral sinus augmentation procedures were performed in 18 adult male rabbits. Rectangular replaceable bony windows were made with a piezoelectric thin saw insert. In the group 1, blood clots were filled; group 2, anorganic bovine graft (Bio-Oss) was grafted; group 3, β-TCP was grafted; group 4, DTD was grafted, and covered by replaceable bony windows. Animals were sacrificed at 2, 4, and 8 weeks after surgical procedure. The augmented sinuses were evaluated by histomorphometric analysis using hematoxylin and eosin and Masson's trichrome stains. Histologically, new bone formation was revealed along the elevated sinus membrane and all graft materials. The new bone area of the group 2 was significantly greater than the group 1, and of the group 3 was significantly greater than the group 2, and of the group 4 was significantly greater than the group 3 at 8 weeks with P < 0.05. The bone marrow area of group 1 was significantly greater than other groups at 8 weeks. The DTD area was significantly lesser than Bio-Oss or β-TCP particles area at 8 weeks. This present study suggests that DTD can be effective graft materials for bone regeneration of the maxillary sinus augmentation.

Keyword

β-TCP; Bio-Oss; Demineralized tooth dentin; Histomorphometric analysis; Maxillary sinus augmentation

MeSH Terms

Adult
Animals
Bone Marrow
Bone Regeneration
Coloring Agents
Dentin
Eosine Yellowish-(YS)
Hematoxylin
Humans
Male
Maxillary Sinus*
Membranes
Osteogenesis
Rabbits
Tooth
Transplants*
Coloring Agents
Eosine Yellowish-(YS)
Hematoxylin

Figure

• 

  Fig. 1 Low magnification images of the augmented maxillary sinus in the rabbit at 2 weeks (A–D), 4 weeks (E–H), and 8 weeks (I–L) after surgery. Group 1 (A, E, I) was filled blood clots; and group 2 (B, F, J), group 3 (C, G, K), and group 4 (D, H, L) was grafted Bio-Oss particles, β-TCP particles and demineralized tooth dentin in the augmented maxillary sinus, respectively. β-TCP, β-tricalcium phosphate; NS, nasal septum. Masson trichrome stain (×12.5).

• 

  Fig. 2 Photomicrograph showing the bone formation of the group 1 at 2 weeks (A), 4 weeks (B, C), and 8 weeks (D). (A) Newly formed bone was found below the replaceable bony window and capillaries were found in the connective tissue at 2 weeks. (B) Abundant new bone formation was seen in the new compartment of the maxillary sinus, and many osteocytes were seen in the newly formed bone. (C) Many osteoblasts (arrows) and some osteoclasts (arrowheads) were observed on the surface of the newly formed bone at 4 weeks. (D) BM around new bone was more prominent, and many active osteoblasts were revealed on the surface of newly formed bone. Most of newly formed woven bone was replaced by mature lamellar bone at 8 weeks. BM, bone marrow; LB, lamella bone; N, newly formed bone; rB, replaceable bone. A, B, D, Masson trichrome stain (×100); C, hematoxylin and eosin stain (×200).

• 

  Fig. 3 Photomicrograph showing the bone formation of the group 2 at 2 weeks (A), 4 weeks (B), and 8 weeks (C, D). (A) New bone formation was revealed the floor of replaced bony window and newly formed bone was revealed partially on the surface of the Bio-Oss particles. Many osteoblasts and some osteoclasts were observed on the surface of newly formed bone at 2 weeks. (B) Newly formed bone was thicker and more soft tissue and blood vessels were evident around the Bio-Oss particles at 4 weeks. (C) At 8 weeks the density of transplant did not change significantly. Newly formed bone on the most of Bio-Oss surfaces was thicker and the density of Bio-Oss particles did not change significantly at 8 weeks. (D) A lot of mature lamellar bone was revealed inside the newly formed bone and abundant BM tissues were observed around the newly formed bone at 8 weeks. BM, bone marrow; BP, Bio-Oss particles; LB, lamella bone; N, newly formed bone; rB, replaceable bone. A, B, D, Masson trichrome stain (×100); C, hematoxylin and eosin stain (×50).

• 

  Fig. 4 Photomicrograph showing the bone formation of the group 3 at 2 weeks (A), 4 weeks (B), and 8 weeks (C, D). (A) New bone formation was revealed the floor of replaced bony window and newly formed bone was revealed partially on the surface and inside of the β-TCP particles at 2 weeks. (B) Newly formed bone on the surface and inside of the β-TCP particles increased and more soft tissue and blood vessels were evident around the β-TCP particles at 4 weeks. (C) The thickness and the density of new bone were highly increased, and abundant BM tissues were observed around the newly formed bone at 8 weeks. (D) Many osteoblasts (arrows) and some osteoclasts (arrowheads) were observed on the surface of the newly formed bone and β-TCP particles at 8 weeks. BM, bone marrow; β-TCP, β-tricalcium phosphate; LB, lamella bone; N, newly formed bone; rB, replaceable bone; TP, β-TCP particles. A–C, Masson trichrome stain (×100); D, hematoxylin and eosin stain (×200).

• 

  Fig. 5 Photomicrograph showing the bone formation of the group 4 at 2 weeks (A), 4 weeks (B), and 8 weeks (C, D). (A) New bone formation was revealed the floor of replaced bony window and newly formed bone was revealed on the surface of the DTD at 2 weeks. (B) Newly formed bone on the surface of the DTD was thicker and increased and more connective tissue and blood vessels were revealed around the DTD and the newly formed bone at 4 weeks. (C) The thickness and the density of new bone were highly increased. A lot of mature lamellar bone was revealed inside the newly formed bone and space of BM containing adipose tissue was observed at 8 weeks. (D) Some osteoclasts (arrowheads) were observed on the surface and around of the DTD and many osteoblasts (arrows) were observed on the surface of the newly formed bone at 8 weeks. BM, bone marrow; DTD, demineralized tooth dentin; LB, lamella bone; N, newly formed bone; rB, replaceable bone. A, C, Masson trichrome stain (×100); B, hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) stain (×100); D, H&E stain (×200).

• 

  Fig. 6 (A) Histomorphometric measurement of the area of newly formed bone to the area of the augmented sinus. (B) Histomorphometric measurement of the area of mature lamellar bone to the area of newly formed woven bone at 4 and 8 weeks. (C) Histomorphometric measurement of the area of total bone to the area of the augmented sinus. The total bone is the sum of the newly formed bone and the lamellar bone (*P<0.05).

• 

  Fig. 7 (A) Histomorphometric measurement of the area of bone marrow to the area of the augmented sinus at 4 and 8 weeks. (B) Histomorphometric measurement of the area of connective tissue to the area of the augmented sinus. (C) Histomorphometric measurement of the area of Bio-Oss particle, β-TCP particle or demineralized tooth dentin to the area of the augmented sinus (*P<0.05). β-TCP, β-tricalcium phosphate.

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