J Vet Sci.  2017 Sep;18(3):291-97. 10.4142/jvs.2017.18.3.291.

Guanosine 5′-monophosphate-chelated calcium and iron feed additives maintains egg production and prevents Salmonella Gallinarum in experimentally infected layers

• Noh HJ
• Kim H
• Heo SJ
• Cho HH
• Koh HB

• KMID: 2412446
• DOI: http://doi.org/10.4142/jvs.2017.18.3.291

Abstract

We evaluated the effects of guanosine 5"²-monophosphate (GMP)-chelated calcium and iron (CaFe-GMP) on health and egg quality in layers experimentally infected with Salmonella Gallinarum. In this study, a CaFe-GMP feed additive was added to a commercial layer feed and fed to layers over a four-week period. All were inoculated with Salmonella Gallinarum. Body weight, mortality, clinical symptoms, and poultry production including feed intake, egg production, egg loss, and feed conversion rate were observed, and Salmonella Gallinarum was re-isolated from the liver, spleen, and cecum of the layers. All tested internal organs for the CaFe-GMP additive group exhibited significantly lower re-isolation numbers of Salmonella Gallinarum and less severe pathological changes than those in the control group, indicating that the CaFe-GMP feed supplement induced bacterial clearance and increased resistance to Salmonella Gallinarum. Additionally, due to the inhibitory action of CaFe-GMP on the growth of Salmonella Gallinarum, the CaFe-GMP additive group exhibited better egg production, including a higher laying rate and fewer broken eggs. The results suggest that a 0.16% CaFe-GMP additive may help prevent salmonellosis in the poultry industry.

Keyword

Salmonella Gallinarum; feed additives; layer; organic mineral

MeSH Terms

Animal Feed
Animals
Calcium/administration & dosage/*therapeutic use
Calcium Chelating Agents/therapeutic use
Chickens/microbiology
*Dietary Supplements
Female
Guanosine Monophosphate/administration & dosage/*therapeutic use
Iron/administration & dosage/*therapeutic use
Iron Chelating Agents/therapeutic use
Oviposition/*drug effects
Poultry Diseases/microbiology/*prevention & control
Salmonella
Salmonella Infections, Animal/microbiology/*prevention & control
Calcium Chelating Agents
Iron Chelating Agents
Guanosine Monophosphate
Iron
Calcium

Figure

• 

  Fig. 1 Effect of dietary supplementation of organic minerals on the macroscopic change in liver in layer groups post-challenge. Representative images from the (A) normal group, (B) control group and (C) CaFe-GMP group. Scale bars = 5 cm.

Reference

1. Barrow PA. Salmonella infections: immune and non-immune protection with vaccines. Avian Pathol. 2007; 36:1–13. PMID: 17364505.

2. Barrow PA, Freitas Neto OC. Pullorum disease and fowl typhoid—new thoughts on old diseases: a review. Avian Pathol. 2011; 40:1–13. PMID: 21331943.

3. Basnet HB, Kwon HJ, Cho SH, Kim SJ, Yoo HS, Park YH, Yoon SI, Shin NS, Youn HJ. Reproduction of fowl typhoid by respiratory challenge with Salmonella Gallinarum. Avian Dis. 2008; 52:156–159. PMID: 18459315.

4. Boruta A, Swierczewska E, Glebocka K, Nollet L. Trace organic minerals as a replacement of inorganic sources for layers: effects on productivity and mineral excretion. In : World Poultry Science Association, Proceedings of the 16th European Symposium on Poultry Nutrition; 26-30 August 2007; Strasbourg, France.

5. Bovee-Oudenhoven IM, Lettink-Wissink MLG, Van Doesburg W, Witteman BJM, Van Der Meer R. Diarrhea caused by enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli infection of humans is inhibited by dietary calcium. Gastroenterology. 2003; 125:469–476. PMID: 12891550.

6. Bovee-Oudenhoven IM, Termont DS, Weerkamp AH, Faassen-Peters MA, Van der Meer R. Dietary calcium inhibits the intestinal colonization and translocation of Salmonella in rats. Gastroenterology. 1997; 113:550–557. PMID: 9247475.

7. Chappell L, Kaiser P, Barrow P, Jones MA, Johnston C, Wigley P. The immunobiology of avian systemic salmonellosis. Vet Immunol Immunopathol. 2009; 128:53–59. PMID: 19070366.

8. Cromwell GL. Why and how antibiotics are used in swine production. Anim Biotechnol. 2002; 13:7–27. PMID: 12212945.

9. de Oliveira GH, Berchieri A Jr, Fernandes AC. Experimental infection of laying hens with Salmonella enterica serovar Gallinarum. Braz J Microbiol. 2005; 36:51–56.

10. de Paiva JB, Penha Filho RAC, Argüello YMS, da Silva MD, Gardin Y, Resende F, Berchieri A Jr, Sesti L. Efficacy of several Salmonella vaccination programs against experimental challenge with Salmonella Gallinarum in commercial brown layer and broiler breeder hens. Rev Bras Cienc Avic. 2009; 11:65–72.

11. Faitarone ABG, Pavan AC, Mori C, Batista LS, Oliveira RP, Garcia EA, Pizzolante CC, Mendes AA, Sherer MR. Economic traits and performance of Italian quails reared at different cage stocking densities. Rev Bras Cienc Avic. 2005; 7:19–22.

12. Gyles CL. Antimicrobial resistance in selected bacteria from poultry. Anim Health Res Rev. 2008; 9:149–158. PMID: 19102788.

13. Hong SS, Jeong J, Lee J, Kim S, Min W, Myung H. Therapeutic effects of bacteriophages against Salmonella Gallinarum infection in chickens. J Microbiol Biotechnol. 2013; 23:1478–1483. PMID: 23801253.

14. Janssens GPJ, Millet S, Van Immerseel F, De Buck J, Hesta M. The impact of prebiotics and salmonellosis on apparent nutrient digestibility and Salmonella Typhimurium var. Copenhagen excretion in adult pigeons (Columba livia domestica). Poult Sci. 2004; 83:1884–1890. PMID: 15554066.

15. Jung BG, Ko JH, Lee BJ. Dietary supplementation with a probiotic fermented four-herb combination enhances immune activity in broiler chicks and increases survivability against Salmonella Gallinarum in experimentally infected broiler chicks. J Vet Med Sci. 2010; 72:1565–1573. PMID: 20675965.

16. Kamphues J. [Antibiotic growth promoters for the view of animal nutrition]. Berl Munch Tierarztl Wochenschr. 1999; 112:370–379. German. PMID: 10598354.

17. Kim MS, Yoon YS, Seo JG, Lee HG, Chung MJ, Yum DY. A study on the prevention of salmonella infection by using the aggregation characteristics of lactic Acid bacteria. Toxicol Res. 2013; 29:129–135. PMID: 24278639.

18. Kortman GA, Mulder ML, Richters TJ, Shanmugam NK, Trebicka E, Boekhorst J, Timmerman HM, Roelofs R, Wiegerinck ET, Laarakkers CM, Swinkels DW, Bolhuis A, Cherayil BJ, Tjalsma H. Low dietary iron intake restrains the intestinal inflammatory response and pathology of enteric infection by food-borne bacterial pathogens. Eur J Immunol. 2015; 45:2553–2567. PMID: 26046550.

19. Maciel MP, Saraiva EP, de Fátima Aguiar É, Ribeiro PAP, Passos DP, Silva JB. Effect of using organic microminerals on performance and external quality of eggs of commercial laying hens at the end of laying. Rev Bras Zootec. 2010; 39:344–348.

20. Mastroeni P, Chabalgoity JA, Dunstan SJ, Maskell DJ, Dougan G. Salmonella: immune responses and vaccines. Vet J. 2001; 161:132–164. PMID: 11243685.

21. Murray MJ, Murray AB, Murray MB, Murray CJ. The adverse effect of iron repletion on the course of certain infections. Br Med J. 1978; 2:1113–1115. PMID: 361162.

22. National Research Council. Nutrient Requirements of Poultry: Ninth Revised Edition, 1994. Washington, DC: National Academies Press;1994. p. 3–18.

23. Nyakeriga AM, Troye-Blomberg M, Dorfman JR, Alexander ND, Bäck R, Kortok M, Chemtai AK, Marsh K, Williams TN. Iron deficiency and malaria among children living on the coast of Kenya. J Infect Dis. 2004; 190:439–447. PMID: 15243915.

24. Patterson JA, Burkholder KM. Application of prebiotics and probiotics in poultry production. Poult Sci. 2003; 82:627–631. PMID: 12710484.

25. Rasschaert G, Michiels J, Tagliabue M, Missotten J, De Smet S, Heyndrickx M. Effect of organic acids on Salmonella shedding and colonization in pigs on a farm with high Salmonella prevalence. J Food Prot. 2016; 79:51–58. PMID: 26735029.

26. Sazawal S, Black RE, Ramsan M, Chwaya HM, Stoltzfus RJ, Dutta A, Dhingra U, Kabole I, Deb S, Othman MK, Kabole FM. Effects of routine prophylactic supplementation with iron and folic acid on admission to hospital and mortality in preschool children in a high malaria transmission setting: community-based, randomised, placebo-controlled trial. Lancet. 2006; 367:133–143. PMID: 16413877.

27. Schaible UE, Kaufmann SHE. Iron and microbial infection. Nat Rev Microbiol. 2004; 2:946–953. PMID: 15550940.

28. Seo YM, Shin KS, Rhee AR, Chi YS, Han J, Paik IK. Effects of dietary Fe-soy proteinate and MgO on egg production and quality of eggshell in laying hens. Asian-Australas J Anim Sci. 2010; 23:1043–1048.

29. Shivaprasad HL. Fowl typhoid and pullorum disease. Rev Sci Tech. 2000; 19:405–424. PMID: 10935271.

30. Smith IM, Licence ST, Hill R. Haematological, serological and pathological effects in chicks of one or more intravenous injections of Salmonella Gallinarum endotoxin. Res Vet Sci. 1978; 24:154–160. PMID: 653115.

31. St Louis ME, Morse DL, Potter ME, DeMelfi TM, Guzewich JJ, Tauxe RV, Blake PA. Salmonella enteritidis Working Group. The emergence of grade A eggs as a major source of Salmonella enteritidis infections. New implications for the control of salmonellosis. JAMA. 1988; 259:2103–2107. PMID: 3279240.

32. Tompkins GR, O’Dell NL, Bryson IT, Pennington CB. The effects of dietary ferric iron and iron deprivation on the bacterial composition of the mouse intestine. Curr Microbiol. 2001; 43:38–42. PMID: 11375662.

33. Vieira SL. Chelated minerals for poultry. Rev Bras Cienc Avic. 2008; 10:73–79.

34. Wang L, Johnson EE, Shi HN, Walker WA, Wessling-Resnick M, Cherayil BJ. Attenuated inflammatory responses in hemochromatosis reveal a role for iron in the regulation of macrophage cytokine translation. J Immunol. 2008; 181:2723–2731. PMID: 18684963.

35. Weiss G. Modification of iron regulation by the inflammatory response. Best Pract Res Clin Haematol. 2005; 18:183–201. PMID: 15737884.

36. Wigley P, Hulme S, Powers C, Beal R, Smith A, Barrow P. Oral infection with the Salmonella enterica serovar Gallinarum 9R attenuated live vaccine as a model to characterise immunity to fowl typhoid in the chicken. BMC Vet Res. 2005; 1:2. PMID: 16221297.

37. Yenice E, Mizrak C, Gültekin M, Atik Z, Tunca M. Effects of organic and inorganic forms of manganese, zinc, copper, and chromium on bioavailability of these minerals and calcium in late-phase laying hens. Biol Trace Elem Res. 2015; 167:300–307. PMID: 25800653.

38. Ziprin RL, Elissalde MH, Hinton A Jr, Beier RC, Spates GE, Corrier DE, Benoit TG, DeLoach JR. Colonization control of lactose-fermenting Salmonella Typhimurium in young broiler chickens by use of dietary lactose. Am J Vet Res. 1991; 52:833–837. PMID: 1883086.