J Bacteriol Virol.  2014 Jun;44(2):206-207. 10.4167/jbv.2014.44.2.206.

Role of Cyclic GMP-AMP Synthase in Sensing Human Immunodeficiency Virus

• Park YS
• Kim IH
• Koh YS

• KMID: 2168696
• DOI: http://doi.org/10.4167/jbv.2014.44.2.206

Abstract

Cyclic guanosine monophosphate adenosine monophosphate (cGAMP) synthase (cGAS) detects human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and produces cGAMP to induce cytokines. Reverse transcribed DNA of HIV is critical for triggering innate immune responses as inhibitor of HIV reverse transcriptase blocked the induction of interferon-beta by the virus. Furthermore, knockout of cGAS in human or mouse cell lines abrogated the production of cytokines by HIV infection highlighting the essential role of cGAS in detection of HIV and other retroviruses.

Keyword

cGAMP synthase (cGAS); Retroviruses; Human immunodeficiency virus; Innate immune system

MeSH Terms

Adenosine Monophosphate
Animals
Cell Line
Cytokines
DNA
Guanosine Monophosphate
HIV Infections
HIV Reverse Transcriptase
HIV*
Humans
Immunity, Innate
Interferon-beta
Mice
Retroviridae
Adenosine Monophosphate
Cytokines
DNA
Guanosine Monophosphate
HIV Reverse Transcriptase
Interferon-beta

Reference

1). Gao D, Wu J, Wu YT, Du F, Aroh C, Yan N, et al. Cyclic GMP-AMP synthase is an innate immune sensor of HIV and other retroviruses. Science. 2013; 341:903–6.

2). Wu J, Sun L, Chen X, Du F, Shi H, Chen C, et al. Cyclic GMP-AMP is an endogenous second messenger in innate immune signaling by cytosolic DNA. Science. 2013; 339:826–30.

3). Sun L, Wu J, Du F, Chen X, Chen ZJ. Cyclic GMP-AMP synthase is a cytosolic DNA sensor that activates the type I interferon pathway. Science. 2013; 339:786–91.

4). Barber GN. Cytoplasmic DNA innate immune pathways. Immunol Rev. 2011; 243:99–108.

5). Manel N, Littman DR. Hiding in plain sight: How HIV evades innate immune responses. Cell. 2011; 147:271–4.

6). Manel N, Hogstad B, Wang Y, Levy DE, Unutmaz D, Littman DR. A cryptic sensor for HIV-1 activates antiviral innate immunity in dendritic cells. Nature. 2010; 467:214–7.