Gut Liver.  2017 Jan;11(1):136-141. 10.5009/gnl16069.

Persistent α-Fetoprotein Elevation in Healthy Adults and Mutational Analysis of α-Fetoprotein Promoter, Enhancer, and Silencer Regions

• Jeon Y
• Choi YS
• Jang ES
• Kim JW
• Jeong SH

• KMID: 2412165
• DOI: http://doi.org/10.5009/gnl16069

Abstract

BACKGROUND/AIMS
α-Fetoprotein (AFP) is normally <10 ng/mL in adults without malignancy or liver regeneration. However, hereditary or nonhereditary persistence of AFP in healthy adults may be encountered in clinical practice. This study describes four cases of persistent AFP elevation in healthy adults and investigates mutations in key transcription regulatory regions of the AFP gene as potential drivers of AFP overexpression.
METHODS
Four healthy adults with persistently elevated AFP levels (12.1 to 186.1 ng/mL) for >1 year, and 20 controls with low AFP levels (<0.61 to 2.9 ng/mL) were included in the study. AFP levels were collected from the families of two of the patients. We sequenced five regions that are critical for AFP expression: a promoter, two enhancers, and two silencers.
RESULTS
One of the two cases in which family information was represented is the first case of hereditary persistence of AFP in South Korea. Mutations related to AFP overexpression were not found in the transcription regulatory regions among the four patients.
CONCLUSIONS
Persistent AFP elevation is a heterogeneous condition with or without a hereditary pattern and may be caused by factors outside of transcription regulatory region changes. Further research on the mechanism of AFP elevation is needed.

Keyword

Alpha-fetoprotein; Biomarkers; DNA mutational analysis

MeSH Terms

Adult
Asian Continental Ancestry Group/genetics
Case-Control Studies
DNA Mutational Analysis
Enhancer Elements, Genetic/*genetics
Family
Female
Gene Silencing
Humans
Male
Middle Aged
Pedigree
Promoter Regions, Genetic/*genetics
Republic of Korea
alpha-Fetoproteins/genetics/*metabolism
alpha-Fetoproteins