Korean J Fam Med.  2017 Jul;38(4):173-180. 10.4082/kjfm.2017.38.4.173.

The Effect of Lifestyle Changes on Blood Pressure Control among Hypertensive Patients

• Yang MH
• Kang SY
• Lee JA
• Kim YS
• Sung EJ
• Lee KY
• Kim JS
• Oh HJ
• Kang HC
• Lee SY

• KMID: 2390337
• DOI: http://doi.org/10.4082/kjfm.2017.38.4.173

Abstract

BACKGROUND
Hypertension is highly prevalent among patients who visit primary care clinics. Various factors and lifestyle behaviors are associated with effective blood pressure control. We aimed to identify factors and lifestyle modifications associated with blood pressure control among patients prescribed antihypertensive agents.
METHODS
This survey was conducted at 15 hospital-based family practices in Korea from July 2008 to June 2010. We prospectively recruited and retrospectively assessed 1,453 patients prescribed candesartan. An initial evaluation of patients' lifestyles was performed using individual questions. Follow-up questionnaires were administered at 4, 8, and 12 weeks. We defined successful blood pressure control as blood pressure <140 mm Hg systolic and <90 mm Hg diastolic.
RESULTS
Of the 1,453 patients, 1,139 patients with available data for initial and final blood pressures were included. In the univariate analysis of the change in performance index, weight gain (odds ratio [OR], 2.18; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.52 to 3.11; P<0.001), physical inactivity (OR, 1.195; 95% CI, 1.175 to 3.387; P=0.011), and increased salt intake (OR, 1.461; 95% CI, 1.029 to 2.075; P=0.034) were related to inadequate blood pressure control. Salt intake also showed a significant association. Multivariate ORs were calculated for age, sex, body mass index, education, income, alcohol consumption, smoking status, salt intake, comorbidity, and family history of hypertension. In the multivariate analysis, sex (OR, 3.55; 95% CI, 2.02 to 6.26; P<0.001), salt intake (OR, 0.64; 95% CI 0.43 to 0.97; P=0.034), and comorbidity (OR, 1.82; 95% CI, 1.23 to 2.69; P=0.003) were associated with successful blood pressure control.
CONCLUSION
Weight gain, physical inactivity, and high salt intake were associated with inadequate blood pressure control.

Keyword

Hypertension; Lifestyle Change; Physical Activity; Salt Intake

MeSH Terms

Alcohol Drinking
Antihypertensive Agents
Blood Pressure*
Body Mass Index
Comorbidity
Education
Family Practice
Follow-Up Studies
Humans
Hypertension
Korea
Life Style*
Motor Activity
Multivariate Analysis
Primary Health Care
Prospective Studies
Retrospective Studies
Smoke
Smoking
Weight Gain
Antihypertensive Agents
Smoke