J Liver Cancer.  2017 Mar;17(1):1-14. 10.17998/jlc.17.1.1.

Animal Models of Liver Cancer: Current Status and Application in Preclinical Research

• Ju HL
• Ro SW

• KMID: 2376801
• DOI: http://doi.org/10.17998/jlc.17.1.1

Abstract

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most common cancers worldwide. HCC develops in various causes - Viral hepatitis infection, toxins, or other liver conditions - by activation of oncogenes and/or inactivation of tumor suppressors. Understanding of signal pathways and protein-protein interactions critical in tumor development may lead to novel treatment strategy. To evaluate the progression of HCC and effects of potential therapies, various animal models have been established. Experimental models of HCC provide valuable tools to investigate the risk factors, new treatment modalities and biologic characteristics. Subcutaneous xenograft models have been widely used in the past. However, with the advancement of in vivo imaging technology, investigators are more concerned with the orthotopic models nowadays. Genetically engineered mouse models have greatly facilitated studies of gene function in HCC development. Lately, a novel approach for stable gene expression in mouse hepatocytes by hydrodynamic injection has been developed. Each model has its own advantages and disadvantages. Therefore, selecting the optimal models based on study objectives is necessary. In this review, we highlight both the frequently used mouse models and some emerging ones with emphasis on their merits or defects, and give advices for investigators to choose a "best-fit" animal model in HCC research.

Keyword

Hepatocellular carcinoma; Liver cancer animal model

MeSH Terms

Animals*
Carcinoma, Hepatocellular
Gene Expression
Hepatitis
Hepatocytes
Heterografts
Humans
Hydrodynamics
Liver Neoplasms*
Liver*
Mice
Models, Animal*
Models, Theoretical
Oncogenes
Population Characteristics
Research Personnel
Risk Factors
Signal Transduction