Anat Cell Biol.  2016 Dec;49(4):223-230. 10.5115/acb.2016.49.4.223.

Galanin's implications for post-stroke improvement

• Song J
• Kim OY

• KMID: 2365551
• DOI: http://doi.org/10.5115/acb.2016.49.4.223

Abstract

Stroke leads to a variety of pathophysiological conditions such as ischemic infarct, cerebral inflammation, neuronal damage, cognitive decline, and depression. Many endeavors have been tried to find the therapeutic solutions to attenuate severe neuropathogenesis after stroke. Several studies have reported that a decrease in the neuropeptide regulator "˜galanin' is associated with neuronal loss, learning and memory dysfunctions, and depression following a stroke. The present review summarized recent evidences on the function and the therapeutic potential of galanin in post-ischemic stroke to provide a further understanding of galanin's role. Hence, we suggest that galanin needs to be considered as a therapeutic factor in the alleviation of post-stroke pathologies.

Keyword

Galanin; Post-stroke; Depression; Inflammation; Cognitive decline

MeSH Terms

Depression
Galanin
Inflammation
Learning
Memory
Neurons
Neuropeptides
Pathology
Stroke
Galanin
Neuropeptides

Figure

• 

  Fig. 1 The schematic image about galanin effect on post-stroke. After stroke, galanin binds galanin receptors such as GalR1, GalR2, and GalR3 and affects several signaling pathways. Galanin regulates CREB signaling and modulates BDNF secretion in neuron, and subsequently contributes to the improvement of post-stroke depression. In addition, galanin induces NF-κB and ERK/MAPK signaling and controls the production of pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines and subsequently reduces post-stroke inflammation. Finally, galanin ameliorates post-stroke cognitive declines by regulating acetylcholine secretion and inhibiting neuronal cell loss. BDNF, brain-derived neurotrophic factor; CREB, cyclic AMP responsive element binding; NF-κB, nuclear factor κB; ERK/MAPK, mitogen-activated protein kinases/extracellular signal-regulated kinase; GalR, galanin receptor.

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