J Bacteriol Virol.  2016 Sep;46(3):159-166. 10.4167/jbv.2016.46.3.159.

Antiviral Activity of Corylus heterophylla Fisch Against Porcine Epidemic Diarrhea Virus Infection

• Lee JS
• Kwon DH
• Song HS
• Choi HJ
• Yoon K

• KMID: 2353851
• DOI: http://doi.org/10.4167/jbv.2016.46.3.159

Abstract

The porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV) has recently been shown to cause huge economic losses in the global pork industry. Our results demonstrated that the extract dose-dependently inhibited the replication of PEDV and reduced the visible cytopathic effect (CPE). Treatment with C. heterophylla Fisch extract resulted in marked reduction of PEDVinduced cytokine and chemokine expression. The antiviral activity of C. heterophylla Fisch extract on PEDV replication was found to be primarily exerted at the early stages after infection. Taken together, our data indicate that C. heterophylla Fisch extract may be a good therapeutic agent for use against PEDV and also a potential candidate to be evaluated against other human and animal coronaviruses.

Keyword

Corylus heterophylla Fisch; Porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV); Antiviral activity

MeSH Terms

Animals
Coronavirus
Corylus*
Humans
Porcine epidemic diarrhea virus*
Red Meat

Figure

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  Figure 1. The effects of C. heterophylla Fisch extract on PEDV-induced CPE. Morphological assessment of PEDV-infected Vero cells following treatment with C. heterophylla Fisch extract. (A) Non-infected cells; (B) non-infected cells treated with C. heterophylla Fisch extract 10 μg/ml; (C) non-infected cells treated with C. heterophylla Fisch extract 50 μg/ml; (D) PEDV-infected cells; (E) PEDV-infected cells treated with C. heterophylla Fisch extract 10 μg/ml; (F) PEDV-infected cells treated with C. heterophylla Fisch extract 50 μg/ml.

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  Figure 2. The antiviral activity of C. heterophylla Fisch against PEDV. (A) Antiviral activity and (B) Cytotoxicity of C. heterophylla Fisch extract against PEDV in Vero cells. Vero cells were infected with PEDV, after which they were treated with the indicated concentrations (0.4, 2, 10, and 50 μg/ml) of C. heterophylla Fisch extract for 48 h. Antiviral activity was investigated using a CPE reduction assay. Data are presented as means ± S.D. from three independent experiments, each carried out in triplicate. ∗∗∗ p < 0.05 (one-way ANOVA followed by the Tukey post hoc test)

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  Figure 3. Cytokine and chemokine gene expression levels reduced by C. heterophylla Fisch extract in Vero cells. Proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines measured in PEDV-infected Vero cells treated with C. heterophylla Fisch extract 6 h after infection.

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  Figure 4. Time-of-addition effect of C. heterophylla Fisch on PEDV replication in Vero cells. C. heterophylla Fisch extract at 10 μg/ml was added either before (-1 h), during (0 h), or after (1, 2, 4, 6, 8, 10 and 12 h) PEDV infection. After 2 d, inhibition was evaluated using the SRB method and was expressed as the inhibition rate. Each value is the result of mean ± S.D. of three independent experiments.

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