J Bone Metab.  2016 Aug;23(3):111-120. 10.11005/jbm.2016.23.3.111.

Osteoporosis Associated with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease

• Okazaki R
• Watanabe R
• Inoue D

• KMID: 2350806
• DOI: http://doi.org/10.11005/jbm.2016.23.3.111

Abstract

Recent epidemiological studies have revealed that osteoporosis is closely associated with common chronic diseases including diabetes, hypertension, chronic kidney disorders, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). COPD is a chronic inflammatory airway disease but now well known to be associated with various systemic comorbidities including osteoporosis. Osteoporosis and osteoporotic fractures are extremely common in COPD patients, which have significant impacts on their quality of life (QOL), activities of daily life (ADL), respiratory function, and possibly their prognosis. COPD-associated osteoporosis is however extremely under-recognized, hence undertreated. Recent studies have suggested that both decreased bone mineral density (BMD) and impaired bone quality compromise bone strength causing fractures in COPD. In COPD patients, various general clinical risk factors for osteoporosis are present including smoking, older age, low body weight, and physical inactivity. In addition, disease-related risk factors such as decreased pulmonary function, inflammation, glucocorticoid use and vitamin D deficiency/insufficiency have been linked to the development of osteoporosis in COPD. Increased awareness of osteoporosis in COPD, especially that of high prevalence of vertebral fractures is called upon among general physicians as well as pulmonologists. Routine screening for osteoporosis and risk assessment of fractures will enable physicians to diagnose COPD patients with comorbid osteoporosis at an early stage. Timely prevention of developing osteoporosis together with appropriate treatment of established osteoporosis may improve QOL and ADL of the COPD patients, preserve their lung function and eventually result in better prognosis in these patients.

Keyword

Bone mineral density; Fractures bone; Osteoporosis; Pulmonary disease chronic obstructive; Smoking

MeSH Terms

Activities of Daily Living
Body Weight
Bone Density
Chronic Disease
Comorbidity
Epidemiologic Studies
Humans
Hypertension
Inflammation
Kidney
Lung
Mass Screening
Osteoporosis*
Osteoporotic Fractures
Prevalence
Prognosis
Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive*
Quality of Life
Risk Assessment
Risk Factors
Smoke
Smoking
Vitamin D
Smoke
Vitamin D

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